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Med Surg > Perfusion > Flashcards

Perfusion Flashcards

1
Q

Nitroglycerin is a ___

A

Vasodilator

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2
Q

Which class of drugs can help lower cholestrol?

A

Statins

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3
Q

Which of the following is a side effect of metoprolol?

a. ) yellow-green halos
b. ) Hyperkalemia
c. ) Hypoglycemia
d. ) Pulmonary fibrosis

A

C - Hypoglycemia

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4
Q

A client still has chest pain after 3 rounds of Nitro. Which BP indicated it is safe to give morphine?

a. ) 82/44
b. ) 99/53
c. ) 90/61
d. ) 115/70

A

D - 115/70

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5
Q

A client is taking furosemide for CHF. Which of the following labs would concern you?

a. ) Ca 8.2
b. ) K 3.0
c. ) BS 120
d. ) Na 140

A

B - K+ 3.0

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6
Q

You admin clopidogrel to a client who received a stent. Why would you give that med?

A

Med helps prevent developing clots

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7
Q

Which med is most important to admin to a client experiencing chest pain?

a. ) Kettorlac
b. ) Metoprolol
c. ) Aspirin
d. ) Atorvostatin

A

C - Aspirin

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8
Q

Modifiable Risk Factors for CAD

A 
Smoking
High LDL, Low HDL
HTN
Diabetes
Obesity
Physical activity
Stress
Excessive alcohol intake
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9
Q

Unmodifiable risk factors for CAD

A 
Gender
Race
Age > 45 for men
Family Hx/Genetics
Postmenopausal
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10
Q

Ischemia

A

Blockage/clot in coronary vessel deprives heart of blood flow

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11
Q

Infarction

A

Cardiac cells die from lack of O2

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12
Q

Mi is most often caused by ___

A

CAD

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13
Q

A diabetic is having an MI what type of clinical manifestations will you see?

A

None/very little symptoms related to MI b/c diabetic will most commonly show no symptoms

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14
Q

What is your #1 intervention for a pt. with MI?

A

EKG

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15
Q

PAD #1 intervention

A

Assess pulses and skin

Ankle brachial index

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16
Q

CHF #1 intervention

A

VS and O2

Diuretics

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17
Q

Normal Troponin levels

A

<0.4 ng/mL

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18
Q

Normal High Sensitivity Troponin levels

A

<100 ng/mL

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19
Q

Normal CK levels

A

55-170 U/L

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20
Q

Normal CK-MB levels

A

0-3 mg/mL

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21
Q

After a stent placement what kind of med should the nurse give the pt. and why?

A

Anti-platelet to prevent reocclusion

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22
Q

What is an open heart surgery called when they graft a vein in to the coronary vessels to create an alternate channel

A

CABG - Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

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23
Q

TPA, Alteplase, and Streptokinase are clot-busting drugs and should be given ___ min after hospital arrival

A

30 min

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24
Q

What is the major risk for giving clot busting drugs (Ex. TPA, Alteplase, and Streptokinase)

A

Bleeding risk very high

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25
Q

What should the nurse do for a client who has just had a stent or CABG procedure?

A 
Maintain best rest for 2-6 hr.***
Assess for bleeding***
Chest pain
Signs of stroke
Pulses, skin temp
Urine output
26
Q

After pt. MI the pt. is being discharged. They pt. asks when he should come back to seek help. Nurses response:

A

If the site of procedure starts to bleed and if you have chest pain

27
Q

How much exercise should a pt. with a previous MI do?

A

at least 150 min. moderate intensity aerobic a week

28
Q

Ace inhibitors “-prils”

A

Decrease BP

29
Q

Losartan (ARB) (“-sartan”)

A

Decrease BP

30
Q

Metoprolol Beta-Blocker “-olol”

A

Decrease HR and BP

31
Q

Side Effects of ACE inhibitors

A

Angioedema
Irritating cough
Hyperkalemia
Tachycardia

32
Q

Side Effects of ARBs inhibitors

A

Angioedema

Renal Failure

33
Q

Side Effects of Beta-Blocker inhibitors

A

Hypoglycemia
CHF
Bronchospasms

34
Q

Very Nice Drugs Ca Channel Blockers

A

Decrease contractibility, conductivity and O2 demand

35
Q

Side Effects of Ca Channel Blockers

A

AV heart block
Bradycardia
Interacts with: grapefruit juice, Digoxin and Beta-Blockers

36
Q

What is Hydralazine

A

Vasodilator

37
Q

Nitro is a ___

A

Vasodilator

38
Q

Amiodarone and Digoxin are a ___

A

Antidysrhythmic

39
Q

A pt. is taking a “-statin” what should you report immediately to the HCP?

A

Muscle pain b/c side effect is rhabdo

40
Q

What is the main clinical manifestation of PAD?

A

Intermittent Claudication

41
Q

What are other side effects of PAD?

A 
Pain/pallor when legs are elevated
Little hair on legs
Diminished pulses
Ulcers
Necrosis
42
Q

How do you diagnose PAD?

A

Ankle-bracial test

43
Q

What kind of meds can the nurse anticipate be prescribed for a pt. with PAD?

A

ACE inhibitors
Ca Channel Blockers
Antiplatlets
Statins

44
Q

What might be a complication for a pt. with PAD?

A

Infection/Gangrene

45
Q

Pt. with PAD want to know if exercise is okay with his new condition. What is the nurse’s response?

A

Ration exercise - walking is best

46
Q

What is the most common cause of CHF

A

Previous MI

47
Q

What lab will be elevated in a pt. with CHF

A

BNP

48
Q

Normal BNP level

A

<100 pg/nK

49
Q

Normal Ejection Fraction

A

55-70%

50
Q

A pt. with an EF of 35 will be classified as:

A

Heart failure with reduce ejection fraction (Systolic HF)

51
Q

A pt. with an EF of 65 will be classified as:

A

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (Diastolic HF)

52
Q

With systolic HF what happens to the heart physically?

A

Heart chambers are stretched and thin - heart cannot pump

53
Q

With diastolic HF what happens to the heart physically?

A

Heart chambers are stiff and thick - heart cannot fill

54
Q

Signs of Left sided Heart Failure

A 
SOB
Crackles
Fatigue/weakness
Delay cap refill
weak pulses
pallor
55
Q

Signs of Right sided Heart Failure

A

Ascites
Edema
JVD
Hepatomegaly

56
Q

What are some med that would be prescribed for a pt. with CHF?

A 
ACE inhibitors
ARBs
Vasodilators
Diuretics***
Beta-blockers
Digoxin
57
Q

Interventions for CHF

A

H - HOB elevated
O - O2 via nasal cannula
P - Provide diuretics (and others)
E - Eliminate Na+

58
Q

What are complications of CHF

A

Pulmonary edema

Renal Failure

59
Q

Gold standard for diagnosing an MI

A

Combination of EKG and Cardiac cath

60
Q

First line Tx for pt. with CHF

A

Medications

Med Surg (22 decks)

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