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Med Surg > Infection > Flashcards

Infection Flashcards

1
Q

Drinking contaminate water is a risk factor for which type of infection?

A

Hepatits A

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2
Q

Female gender is a risk factor for which type of infection?

A

Pyelonephritis

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3
Q

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing cirrhosis?

a. ) Hep A
b. ) Excessive alcohol intake
c. ) Autoimmune
d. ) Acetaminophen overuse

A

Hep A - bc its acute

Chronic hep turns into cirrhosis

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4
Q

What type of transmission precautions decrease the risk of C Diff infection?

A

Contact enteric precautions

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5
Q

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for pyelonephritis

a. ) Recent antibiotics use
b. ) Blood stream infection
c. ) Previous UTI
d. ) Vesicoureteral reflux

A

A - recent antibiotic use

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6
Q

Which of the following is the greatest risk factors for developing Hep D?

a. ) IV drug use
b. ) Exposure to virus during birth
c. ) Contaminated food and water
d. ) Hep B

A

D- Hep B

Hep D only occurs with Hep B

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7
Q

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor or developing C Diff.?

a. ) Previous C Diff
b. ) Broad spectrum antibiotics
c. ) Hospitalization
d. ) Droplet precautions

A

D- droplet precautions

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8
Q

Labs that help identify infection

A

CBC
Culture and sensitivity
ESR
Lactic acid

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9
Q

ESR

A

Measure of how inflamed a person’s body is

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10
Q

Pt has general infection. With temp of 102.3. What should the nurse make sure they have on their food tray?

A

Protein - protein is needed to make antibodies

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11
Q

Sepsis

A

Uncontrolled inflammatory response triggered by severe infection

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12
Q

During Sepsis, why is the D-dimer, PT, and PTT all elevated?

A

The immune response damages the vessels cause vasodilation of all vessels, capillary leak > abnormal clotting > DIC*

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13
Q

During Sepsis, the body has little perfusion and goes to anerobic metabolism. What is the result from this mechanism?

A

Lactic acid is a by product of anerobic metabolism. Which is not getting excreted = lactic acid build up

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14
Q

Lactic acid build up leads to

A

Metabolic acidosis

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15
Q

Pt with recent abdominal surgery. Pt. VS: BP 90/50, HR 140, Temp. 101.6, RR, 28. What does the nurse suspect?

A

Sepsis

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16
Q

Pt with recent abdominal surgery. Pt. VS: BP 90/50, HR 140, Temp. 101.6, RR, 28. Nurse intervenes. Gives fluid bolus and O2. Does not change VS. What med can the nurse give to bring up BP?

A

Vasopressor - Epi or Norepi

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17
Q

Normal Lactic Acid

A

0.5 - 2.2

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18
Q

Early Signs of Sepsis

A 
High Temp
High HR
Low BP
Low O2
Increase Lactic Acid
High BS**
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19
Q

Priority intervention for pt. with early signs of sepsis

A

Antibiotics and fluid bolus

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20
Q

First action for pt. with early signs of sepsis

A

Blood culture

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21
Q

Normal D-Dimer

A

< 250

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22
Q

Normal BUN

A

7 - 20

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23
Q

Normal Cr

A

0.7 - 1.4

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24
Q

Normal WBC

A

4,500 - 11,000

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25
Q

Complications of C. Diff

A

Dehydration
Worsening colitis
Toxic Megacolon***
Death

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26
Q

Most concerning manifestation of C. Diff

A

3 or more unformed stools in 24 hr. or less

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27
Q

Antibiotics use to Tx C. Diff.

A

Metronidazole
Vancomycin
ORAL!

28
Q

Diagnosis tool for C. Diff.

A

Stool test + symptoms

29
Q

What diet would a pt. with C. Diff need?

A

Clear liquid diet

30
Q

Pt. has recently recovered form C. Diff. What can the pt. eat?

A

Slowly advance diet from clear liquids to regular diet

31
Q

Pt. with C. Diff has a positive blood occult stool test. What would the nurse be concerned about?

A

H and H levels

Need for blood transfusion

32
Q

Px of C. Diff.

A

Probiotics

33
Q

Vesicoureteral reflux

A

Major risk factor for Pyelonephritis

Congenital disorder - needs Surgical correction

34
Q

What is a strict assessment the nurse should trend for pt. with Pyelonephritis?

A

I and Os

VS - monitor for Sepsis

35
Q

Symptoms of Pyelonephritis

A 
Flank, back, abdomen pain
Dysuria/Oliguria
Fever
Chills
N/V
36
Q

What is a major indicator of kidney failure?

A

< 30 mL of urine an hour

Call HCP

37
Q

Pt is taking Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) for pain from bladder spasms from Pyelonephritis. The nurse notes the urine is orange. What is the nurse’s next action?

A

Nothing this is a normal SE

38
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver

39
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Failure of the liver

40
Q

Fuliminant

A

Sudden/rapid onset of hepatitis

41
Q

Which types of Hepatitis are treated with vaccines?

A

Hep A and B

42
Q

Hep A transmission mode

A

Fecal-oral route

43
Q

Hep B transmission mode

A 
Needle sticks
Sex
Blood transfusion
Dialysis
Maternal-fetal
Open cuts
44
Q

Tx of Hep B

A 
Vaccine
Immunoglobulin Therapy (usually for babies)
45
Q

Hep C transmission mode

A

Blood to blood transmission

IV drug users or tattoos

46
Q

What type Hepatitis is the most common reason for a pt. to get a liver transplant?

A

Hep C

47
Q

Hep D only occurs in people with __ __

A

Hep D only occurs in people with Hep B

48
Q

Hep E resembles Hep ___

A

Hep E resembles Hep A

49
Q

Hep F and G are similar to Hep ___

A

Hep F and G are similar to Hep C

50
Q

Common meds that can cause Toxic Hepatitis

A

Acetaminophen
“Statin” - Hyperlipidemics
Alcohol
Some antibiotics and anesthetics

51
Q

Biggest risk factor for Autoimmune Hepatits

A

Young women

52
Q

Hepatorenal Syndrome

A

Rapid kidney and liver failure b/c very low perfusion

53
Q

Hepatic Diet

A

Small frequent meals
Moderate protein
Low fat

54
Q

Vitamin supplement for Hepatitis pt.?

A

Folic acid
Thiamine
Multivitamin

55
Q

Foods High in Thiamine

A 
Whole grains
Fish
Beef
Pork
Steak
56
Q

Wht is the most common cause of Cirrhosis

A

Hep C

57
Q

Gold Standard for confirming liver scarring?

A

Liver biopsy

58
Q

Most dangerous complication of Cirrhosis

A

Portal Hypertension

59
Q

Very Late stages of Cirrhosis

A 
Esophageal varices
Splenomegaly
DIC
Glucose intolerance
Palmer erythema
Testicular atrophy
Gynecomastia
Encephalopathy/asterixis
60
Q

Other symptoms of Cirrhosis

A 
Ascites
Hepatomegaly
Jaundice
"Full" feeling
Clay stools
Amber urine
61
Q

Encephalopathy is caused by an elevated of what lab?

A

Ammonia

62
Q

Too much protein = ___

A

Ammonia build up during cirrhosis

63
Q

Why would a pt with Cirrhosis have low H and H

A

B/c liver maintain cycle of making RBCs

64
Q

The nurse is admin Lactulose what lab can the nurse expect to drop after admin?

A

Ammonia levels

65
Q

What vitamins need to be supplemented in a pt. with cirrhosis?

A

Fat soluble vitamins

A, D, E, K

66
Q

Why should the nurse use caution when administering a diuretic to a cirrhosis pt.?

A

Don’t want to drop Na+ too low

67
Q

What intervention can stop the bleeding from esophageal varices

A

Sengstaken-Blakemore Tube

Med Surg (22 decks)

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