Perfusion Flashcards

1
Q

The flow of blood through arteries and capillaries delivering nutrients and oxygen to cells and removing cellular waste

A

Perfusion

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2
Q

The amount of blood pumped by the ventricles into the pulmonary and systemic circulations in one minute

A

Cardiac Output

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3
Q

What determines cardiac output ?

A

heart rate
preload
afterload
contractility

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4
Q

the amount of stretch at the end of diastole; volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole (end diastolic pressure)

A

pre-load

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5
Q

the force the ventricles must overcome to eject blood volume; resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood

A

after - load

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6
Q

the capacity of the cardiac muscle fibers to shorten

A

contractility

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7
Q

When is pre - load increased in certain situations?

A

hypervolemia
regurgitation of cardiac valves
heart failure

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8
Q

When is after - load increased in certain situations?

increased after - load means increased cardiac workload

A

hypertension

vasoconstriction

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9
Q

A wave of blood of blood created by contraction of the left ventricle of the heart

A

Pulse

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10
Q

What are some factors affecting pulse ?

A
age 
gender 
exercise
fever 
medications
hypovalemia
stress
position changes
pathology
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11
Q

The measure of the pressure exerted by the blood as it flows through the arteries

A

Blood pressure

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12
Q

What determines blood pressure?

A

pumping of the heart
peripheral vascular resistance
blood volume
blood viscosity

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13
Q

What are some factors affecting blood pressure?

A
age
exercise
stress
race 
gender
medications
obesity
time of day
diseases
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14
Q

Heart rate is about 120 and O2 needs to be great

A

Newborns

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15
Q

at a greater risk of heart failure because heart is immature and more sensitive to volume and pressure

A

Infants

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16
Q

At what age is the heart muscle fully developed?

A

5

17
Q

this age group experiences changes in structure, electrical activity, and vascular system with aging

A

Older Adults

18
Q

When dealing with promotional health what are some modifiable risk factors ?

A
smoking 
hypertension
high blood cholesterol
obesity
physical inactivity
DM
-recommend screenings
19
Q

patient assessment in regards to a blood pressure and heart ?

A

take and assess vital signs

patient interview

20
Q

What are the blood pressure sites ?

A

upper arm using the brachial artery
(use of alternate site if: injured limbs, cast or bulky bandage, surgical removal of lymph nodes on the side, IV infusion on the side, AV fistula for dialysis)

21
Q

What are some of the common errors associated with taking blood pressure?

A
wrong cuff size, 
arm unsupported,
activity before assessing,
cuff wrapped too loosely,
arm above heart level,
smoking or eating just before assessing