Perfusion

Question 1

The flow of blood through arteries and capillaries delivering nutrients and oxygen to cells and removing cellular waste

Answer 1

Perfusion

Question 2

The amount of blood pumped by the ventricles into the pulmonary and systemic circulations in one minute

Answer 2

Cardiac Output

Question 3

What determines cardiac output ?

Answer 3

heart rate
preload
afterload
contractility

Question 4

the amount of stretch at the end of diastole; volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole (end diastolic pressure)

Answer 4

pre-load

Question 5

the force the ventricles must overcome to eject blood volume; resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood

Answer 5

after - load

Question 6

the capacity of the cardiac muscle fibers to shorten

Answer 6

contractility

Question 7

When is pre - load increased in certain situations?

Answer 7

hypervolemia
regurgitation of cardiac valves
heart failure

Question 8

When is after - load increased in certain situations?

increased after - load means increased cardiac workload

Answer 8

hypertension

vasoconstriction

Question 9

A wave of blood of blood created by contraction of the left ventricle of the heart

Answer 9

Pulse

Question 10

What are some factors affecting pulse ?

Answer 10

age 
gender 
exercise
fever 
medications
hypovalemia
stress
position changes
pathology

Question 11

The measure of the pressure exerted by the blood as it flows through the arteries

Answer 11

Blood pressure

Question 12

What determines blood pressure?

Answer 12

pumping of the heart
peripheral vascular resistance
blood volume
blood viscosity

Question 13

What are some factors affecting blood pressure?

Answer 13

age
exercise
stress
race 
gender
medications
obesity
time of day
diseases

Question 14

Heart rate is about 120 and O2 needs to be great

Answer 14

Newborns

Question 15

at a greater risk of heart failure because heart is immature and more sensitive to volume and pressure

Answer 15

Infants

Question 16

At what age is the heart muscle fully developed?

Answer 16

5

Question 17

this age group experiences changes in structure, electrical activity, and vascular system with aging

Answer 17

Older Adults

Question 18

When dealing with promotional health what are some modifiable risk factors ?

Answer 18

smoking 
hypertension
high blood cholesterol
obesity
physical inactivity
DM
-recommend screenings

Question 19

patient assessment in regards to a blood pressure and heart ?

Answer 19

take and assess vital signs

patient interview

Question 20

What are the blood pressure sites ?

Answer 20

upper arm using the brachial artery
(use of alternate site if: injured limbs, cast or bulky bandage, surgical removal of lymph nodes on the side, IV infusion on the side, AV fistula for dialysis)

Question 21

What are some of the common errors associated with taking blood pressure?

Answer 21

wrong cuff size, 
arm unsupported,
activity before assessing,
cuff wrapped too loosely,
arm above heart level,
smoking or eating just before assessing