Perfusion Flashcards
The flow of blood through arteries and capillaries delivering nutrients and oxygen to cells and removing cellular waste
Perfusion
The amount of blood pumped by the ventricles into the pulmonary and systemic circulations in one minute
Cardiac Output
What determines cardiac output ?
heart rate
preload
afterload
contractility
the amount of stretch at the end of diastole; volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole (end diastolic pressure)
pre-load
the force the ventricles must overcome to eject blood volume; resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood
after - load
the capacity of the cardiac muscle fibers to shorten
contractility
When is pre - load increased in certain situations?
hypervolemia
regurgitation of cardiac valves
heart failure
When is after - load increased in certain situations?
increased after - load means increased cardiac workload
hypertension
vasoconstriction
A wave of blood of blood created by contraction of the left ventricle of the heart
Pulse
What are some factors affecting pulse ?
age gender exercise fever medications hypovalemia stress position changes pathology
The measure of the pressure exerted by the blood as it flows through the arteries
Blood pressure
What determines blood pressure?
pumping of the heart
peripheral vascular resistance
blood volume
blood viscosity
What are some factors affecting blood pressure?
age exercise stress race gender medications obesity time of day diseases
Heart rate is about 120 and O2 needs to be great
Newborns
at a greater risk of heart failure because heart is immature and more sensitive to volume and pressure
Infants
At what age is the heart muscle fully developed?
5
this age group experiences changes in structure, electrical activity, and vascular system with aging
Older Adults
When dealing with promotional health what are some modifiable risk factors ?
smoking hypertension high blood cholesterol obesity physical inactivity DM -recommend screenings
patient assessment in regards to a blood pressure and heart ?
take and assess vital signs
patient interview
What are the blood pressure sites ?
upper arm using the brachial artery
(use of alternate site if: injured limbs, cast or bulky bandage, surgical removal of lymph nodes on the side, IV infusion on the side, AV fistula for dialysis)
What are some of the common errors associated with taking blood pressure?
wrong cuff size, arm unsupported, activity before assessing, cuff wrapped too loosely, arm above heart level, smoking or eating just before assessing
