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Nur 111 - Unit 3 Exam > Oxygenation > Flashcards

Oxygenation Flashcards

1
Q

The mechanism that facilitates the body’s ability to supply oxygen to all cells of the body through ventilation, expiration, and inspiration.

A

Oxygenation

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2
Q

What factors influence respiratory function?

A 
Age
Environment
Lifestyle
Health Status
Medications
Stress
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3
Q

Changes that affect the respiratory system of older adults become especially important if the system is compromised by changes such as infection, physical, or emotional stress, surgery, anesthesia, or other procedures. (chest wall and airways become more rigid and less elastic, the amount of exchanged air is decreased, the cough reflex and cilia action are decreased, mucous membranes become drier and more fragile.)

A

Age

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4
Q

Altitude, heat, cold, and air pollution affect oxygenation. The higher the altitude the lower the PO2 an individual breathes. As a result the person at high altitudes has increased respiratory and cardiac rates and increased respiratory depths.

A

Environment

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5
Q

Physical exercise or activity increases the rate and depth of respiration and hence the supply of O2 in the body. Sedentary people by contrast, lack the alveolar expansion and deep breathing patterns of people with regular activity and are less able to respond effectively to respiratory stressors.

A

Lifestyle

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6
Q

In this type of person the respiratory system can provide sufficient O2 to meet the body’s needs. Diseases of the respiratory system however can adversely affect the oxygenation of the blood

A

Health Status

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7
Q

A variety of ______ can decrease the rate and depth of respiration. The most common ______ having this effect are the benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotics and antianxiety drugs, opoids (moprhine).

A

Medication

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8
Q

Physiologically the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated and epinephrine is released during ____. Epinephrine causes the bronchioles to dilate, increasing blood flow and O2 delivery to active muscles. Although these responses are adaptive in the short term, when ____ continues they can be destructive, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease

A

Stress

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9
Q
  • take about 30 breaths per minute
  • rely on diaphragmatic breathing
  • at risk for airway obstruction
A

Infants

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10
Q
  • at risk for acute and chronic respiratory diseases
  • pneumonia may present with atypical symptoms
  • chest walls and airways less elastic ( more rigid)
  • cough reflex decreased
A

Older Adults

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11
Q
  • Preschooler 25 breaths per minute
  • rate gradually decreases until late adolescence 12-18
  • upper respiratory infection
A

Children

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12
Q
  • the function of the respiratory system is gas exchange.
  • Oxygen from inspired air diffuses from alveoli in the lung in to the blood in the pulmonary capillaries
  • carbon dioxide produced during cell metabolism diffuses from the blood into the alveoli and is exhaled.
A

Normal Oxygenation

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13
Q

Mild impairments can cause fatigue, irritability, and discomfort. Severe ______ can result in tissue hypoxia, impairing the body’s ability to transmit O2 to vital systems. This can become life threatening without intervention

A

Alterations in Oxygenation

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14
Q

difficulty breathing when lying down

A

Orthopnea

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15
Q

Blue of gray coloration of the skin

A

Cyanosis

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16
Q

Accessory muscles involved in respiration

A

scalenes, sternocledimastoid, trapezius

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17
Q

nail beds with an angle of 180 degrees or greater

A

digital clubbing

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18
Q

Kussmaul breathing
Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Biot respirations

A

Abnormal Breathing Patterns

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19
Q

Stridor
Crackles
Rhonci
Wheezing

A

Adventitious Breath Sounds

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20
Q

What are the steps in collecting a sputum culture?

A
  1. Perform oral care
  2. Breathe deeply
  3. Cough up to 1-2 tsp sputum
  4. Expectorate into container
  5. Label and send to lab
    (best time is in the morning, can be obtained through suctioning)
21
Q

What are some nursing interventions for breathing regarding positioning ?

A

Fowlers’s Position (30 - 90 degrees)
Frequent repositioning
Orthopneic position
Tripod position

22
Q

What are some nursing interventions for breathing regarding exercises?

A 
Turn, cough and deep breathe
huff coughing 
pursed lip breathing
diaphragmatic breathing
incentive spirometer
23
Q

What are some nursing interventions for breathing regarding promoting secretion clearance?

A

deep breathe and cough
encourage PO fluids as tolerated
suctioning

24
Q

Collapsed alveoli

A

Atelectasis

25
Q

harsh, high pitched sound during inspiration

A

Stridor (adventitious breath sound)

26
Q

Shallow breaths interrupted by apnea

A

Biot’s (cluster) respiration (Abnormal breathing pattern)

27
Q

air collected in the pleural space

A

pneumothorax

28
Q

abnormally slow breathing

A

Bradypnea

29
Q

marked rhythmic waxing and waning of respirations, from very shallow to very deep, with short periods of apnea.

A

Cheyne-Stokes Respirations

30
Q

normal respiration

A

eupnea

31
Q

excessive fluid in the pleural space

A

pleural effusion

32
Q

accumulaton of blood in the blood pleural space

A

hemothorax

33
Q

difficult or labored breathing

A

dyspnea

34
Q

the body’s attempts to compensate for increased metabolic acidosis by blowing of acid in the form of CO2

A

Kussmaul’s breathing (abnormal breathing patterns)

35
Q

absence of any breathing

A

apnea

36
Q

insufficient O2 anywhere in the body

A

hypoxia

37
Q

the amount of air inspired and expired with each breath

A

tidal volume

38
Q

O2 concentrations play a major role in regulating respiration; decreased O2 concentrations are the main stimuli for receptors because the increased carbon dioxide levels desensitize the central chemoreceptors

A

emphysema

39
Q

faster than normal breathing

A

tachypnea

40
Q

pressure within the lungs

A

intrapulmonary pressure

41
Q

bluish discoloration of the skin, nail beds, and mucous membranes

A

Cyanosis

42
Q

Lipoprotein that reduces surface tension in lungs without which lung expansion in exceedingly difficult

A

surfactant

43
Q

inability to breathe easily unless sitting upright

A

orthopnea

44
Q

increased levels of CO2

A

hypercapnia

45
Q

low level of O2 in the blood

A

hypoxemia

46
Q

pressure in the pleural cavity surrounding the lungs

A

intrapleural pressure

47
Q

delivery of air O2 under pressure without the need for an invasive tube

A

noninvasive ventilation

48
Q

involves giving client breaths of greater volume than set on ventilator or via manual resuscitation bag

A

hyperinflation

Nur 111 - Unit 3 Exam (4 decks)

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