Performance Enhancing Substances Flashcards
What are anabolic steroids?
Anabolic Steroids are synthetic derivatives of Testosterone.
The typical users of anabolic steroids are: Olympic athletes, professional athletes, collegiate athletes, high school athletes, and bodybuilders.
List the effects of anabolic steroids:
Psychologically, they have been known to change aggression, arousal, and irritability levels.
Some other adverse effects are to the cardiovascular, endocrine, genitourinary, dermatological, hepatic, musculoskeletal, and psychological systems.
A lot of these side effects are reversible upon cessation.
Name the most common hormones that play a role in sports performance:
- Testosterone precursors
- Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
- Insulin
- HGH
- Erythropoietin
- Beta Adrenergic Agonists
- Beta Blockers
What is creatine and what does it do?
Creatine is used for the rapid resynthesis of ATP and is dependent on creatine kinase and creatine phosphate’s availability in a muscle.
In the form of creatine phosphate, it is essential for energy metabolism. That is its main purpose. It is important for short duration, high intensity events.
Supplementing the diet with creatine increases the amount stored in the muscles by about 20%. There is a limit to the saturation of this supplement.
By increasing these stores, we can increase max strength, power, and lean body mass.
How does caffeine affect the body?
Caffeine is a popular stimulant used by just about everyone.
Caffeine is used to increase our time to exhaustion most notably. When taken in doses of 3 – 9 mg per kilogram of bodyweight about 60 minutes prior to activity, caffeine is ergogenic.
There is no real benefit when taken in doses greater than 9 mg per kilogram.
It is also known to decrease the feelings of perceived exertion, improve work capacity, and increased mental alertness.
Some adverse effects are anxiety, gastrointestinal disturbances, restlessness, insomnia, tremors, heart arrhythmias, and increased risk for heat illness. Caffeine is physically addicting.
What is Insulin and how does it affect performance?
This is a potent anabolic hormone secreted by the pancreas as a response to elevated blood glucose levels or amino acid concentrations.
Insulin causes increases in the synthesis of protein.
Explain me dat HGH cuz I be sayin so.
This protein is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. It has many important physiological functions that will enhance the ergogenic effects. This hormone stimulates bone and skeletal muscle growth.
Whats Erythropoietin?
This is a limiting factor of endurance performance and
the delivery of oxygen to contracting skeletal muscle. It is produced in the kidneys and stimulates red blood cell production.
What are Beta Adrenergic Agonists?
These substances are chemically related to epinephrine. They were made for asthma treatments and some other life threatening medical conditions.
They also can affect body comp, lean muscle mass, and stored fat levels.
What are Beta Blockers?
These drugs block beta adrenergic receptors and prevent catecholamines from binding. They are able to reduce anxiety and tremors that occur while performing.
Whats that?
How do you expect me to answer this??
