Bioenergetics Flashcards
List the 3 energy pathways and the continuum of their duration.
ATP-PC (0-6s)
ATP-PC & Anaerobic Glycolysis (6-30s)
Anaerobic Glycolysis (30s-2min)
Anaerobic Glycolysis & Oxidative (2-3min)
Oxidative (3+min)
What is the law of mass action? How does it relate to the ATP-PC system?
Concentrations of products, reactants, or both, within a solution, will drive the direction of the reactants. This means that as ATP is used, ADP increases, and this will drive the reaction of creatine starting to replenish the ATP.
Explain Glycolysis
The second pathway of the replenishment of ATP. This is the breakdown of carbohydrates, which may be stored in the muscle or present in the blood, for the resynthesis of ATP.
We have a large capacity to produce ATP due to the high amount of glucose and glycogen in the body.
When glycolysis is complete, we are left with a pyruvate molecule that can be converted into lactate or taken to the mitochondria. When it is converted into lactate, we will use the Cori cycle in order to take the lactate to the liver via blood and convert again to glucose.
When we take pyruvate to the mitochondria, we head into the Krebs cycle. During the Krebs cycle we convert to Acetyl-CoA and make NADH molecules for the electron transport chain and eventually resynthesize ATP.
What is the Cori Cycle?
When we take lactate to the liver via blood and convert it into glucose.
Explain the Oxidative System
This is our third energy pathway and our main source of ATP when we are at rest or exercising at lower intensities.
This system relies on carbs and fats to resynthesize ATP. When we oxidize glucose and glycogen, we start with glycolysis, go to the Krebs cycle, and we end with the highest energy yield we get.
The oxidation of fat is caused by lipases. This fat breakdown puts free fatty acids from fat cells into the blood, where it will circulate and enter the muscle fibers. The free fatty acids go to the mitochondria, break down, and make Acetyl CoA and hydrogen protons. The Krebs cycle is entered just as it was before, and then the electron transport chain.
Explain EPOC and why it occurs
The uptake of oxygen above values at rest that are used to restore the body to the conditions before starting exercise. We also call this postexercise oxygen uptake or oxygen debt.
This is needed to replenish the levels of oxygen in the blood. ATP resynthesis is another cause. Increases in temperature, circulation, ventilation, and protein turnover are other causes for EPOC.
The greatest EPOC values occur when intensity and duration of exercise are high.
Explain Interval training from a bioenergetics standpoint:
Is a method that put priority on bioenergetic adaptations for more efficient transfer of energy in the metabolic pathways with predetermined exercise and rest intervals. We use work to rest ratios to have highe
Explain HIIT from a bioenergetics standpoint:
Uses brief periods of all out exercise with some intermittent recovery times. This is now known as one of the most effective ways to improve athletic performance.
