Performance Enhancement Revision Flashcards
What is an illegal performance enhancing method or practice.
- Violates WADA code.
- Threatens health or safety of the individual.
- Provides measurable performance enhancement.
What is a legal performance enhancing method or practice.
- Does not violate WADA code.
- Does not threaten health or safety of the individual.
- Provides measurable performance enhancement.
(Illegal) EPO - Erythropoietin - Description, Benefits and Harms.
Description:
* A natural hormone produced in the body that controls the production of red blood cells.
* Athletes inject EPO to enhance the production of red blood cells.
Benefits:
* Increases production of red blood cells, increasing oxygen supplied to muscles.
Harms:
* Increased blood viscosity, increasing risk of blood clots.
* Increased risk of heart attack and stroke.
* Risk of contracting blood-borne virus e.g. Hepatitis B
(Illegal) Blood Doping - Description, Benefits and Harms.
Description:
- Process of infusing extra human blood into the body prior to performance.
- Increases the number of red blood cells, increasing the amount of haemoglobin in blood, so more oxygen is able to be delivered to muscle.
Benefits:
- Improved maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 Max).
- Improves endurance
Harms:
- Risk of blood-borne disease e.g., Hepatitis B.
- Risk of stroke.
- Hypertension.
- Body rejection.
- Infection or transmission of disease.
(Illegal) Beta Blockers - Description, Benefits and Harms.
Description:
* Drugs used to block the effects adrenaline hormone.
* Cause blood vessels to dilate increasing blood flow, allowing heart to beat more slowly and less forcefully, lowing blood pressure.
Benefits:
* Reduces heart tremor and slow heart rate, improving ability to perform precise activities e.g., archery.
* Reduce anxiety.
Harms:
* Hypotension (dangerously low blood pressure).
* Cardiac failure, cardiac arrest
(Legal) Altitude Training - Description, Benefits and Harms.
Description:
- Exercising at high altitudes with decreased oxygen levels in the natural environment.
- Increased ventilation, increased heart rate, decreased stroke
Benefits:
* Improve the amount of oxygen the body can take in and transport to working muscles.
- Increased production of EPO.
- Increased number of capillaries.
Harms:
- Unaffordable.
- Inaccessible.
- Impaired immune function.
(Legal) Hypoxic Training - Description, Benefits and Harms.
Description:
* Exercising and living in an artificial, low-oxygen environment.
Benefits:
* Improves amount of oxygen the body can take in and transport to working muscles.
* More accessible than altitude training.
Harms:
* Impaired immune function.
* Increased blood viscosity.
