Performance Demands Flashcards
What is meant by the term ‘anxiety’? (1)
Feeling nervous or apprehensive or tense or stressed or worried.
Explain how anxiety could have affected David’s performance when competing at the Youth Olympic Games. (2)
Award two marks for explaining an effect of anxiety on performance when competing.
• Likely to lose concentration / and make mistakes or perform poorly.
• Increased arousal / helping to focus on the task or improve performance.
• Releasing adrenaline / to prepare the body for performance.
• Butterflies or feeling sick / results in poor performance.
• Muscles may tighten up / negative effect on performance.
NB Only credit effect of anxiety not definition.
State what fatigue is. How is fatigue caused and what effect will it have on a performer in a named physical activity? (3)
Award one mark for correctly stating what fatigue is and one mark for the cause and one further mark for stating the effect on a performance
Examples include:
• gymnastics: fatigue is a feeling of extreme tiredness / caused by over-exertion or prolonged physical activity / which leads to a drop or decrease in the level of performance
• soccer: fatigue is a feeling of extreme tiredness / caused by over-exertion or prolonged physical activity / which leads to a drop or decrease in the level of performance or results in a player being substituted to prevent this
What is meant by fatigue? (2)
Award up to two marks for correctly stating what fatigue is:
• When the body, or parts of the body, get so tired/through the amount of work they have been called on to do/that they stop working properly, or sometimes altogether.
Give an example from a physical activity and explain the effect that fatigue could have on that performance. (2)
Award up to two marks for correctly giving an example of fatigue occurring in a physical activity:
• A games player being so tired near the end of a game/that their skill levels decrease and/or they are no longer able to carry on.
Why does fatigue occur during physical activity? (5)
Fatigue occurs because:
• Muscles can no longer repeat their contractions
• The capability for physical work is diminished
• Oxygen supply is reduced / oxygen debt
• Glycogen store in the muscles is depleted
• Glycogen store in the liver is depleted
• Glucose in the blood is depleted
• Lactic acid in the muscles is produced
• Blood sugar level drops
accept….(for max three marks)….
you have worked hard / you have been doing strenuous activity for a long time / you are unfit / the body is tired / you haven’t eaten / slept / haven’t trained energy used up you haven’t rehydrated
What causes of pressure/stress may affect performance? (2)
causes such as:
• playing in front of a crowd
• playing in front of important people
• a selector, a coach, a parent/friend ‒ max 2 marks
• playing on your own / as an individual
• playing with a partner/in a team
• playing at an important occasion
• performance debut (or trying a new skill)
• playing in a rewarding competition
• playing against particularly difficult/strong opposition
• playing after injury
• playing in a dangerous situation/high risk
• equipment failure
• weather conditions
• external/personal cause ‒ max 2 marks
• fear of failure.
accept examples: ..taking a penalty shootout, …last putt to win The Open - max 1 mark.
How can pressure/stress improve performance? (2)
it may improve performance by:
• raising motivation
• raising effort/making you work harder
• increasing arousal/more focused/more concentration
• increasing arousal ‒ preparing body
• increasing assertiveness/aggression
• improving confidence.
For two named physical activities, describe an example of an accident which can take place. State the actions which should be taken to prevent each accident. (4)
Examples include:
• games: being kicked in the shins / that the correct equipment is being worn, for example, shin guards in soccer
• in gymnastics: falling or tripping between the mats / that the correct equipment is being used and that it is in a safe condition eg. Mats
• in dance: to avoid cuts / that jewellery is checked and removed and that appropriate clothing is being worn
• in athletics: to avoid cut legs / that the landing areas are checked for sharp objects and removed before use
• in swimming: impact injuries through falling / that proper movement around the pool is ensured such as no running
• in outdoor and adventurous: possible hypothermia / that environmental factors are taken into consideration, such as weather forecasts checked and appropriate clothing is provided
Describe the difference between a sprain and a strain. (2)
a sprain is the overstretching or tearing of ligaments at a joint
a strain is the overstretching of a muscle
The RICE principle is related to soft tissue injuries. What do these letters stand for? (4)
R ‒ Rest
I ‒ Ice
C ‒ Compression
E ‒ Elevation.
Injuries can occur during physical activity. Explain what is meant by the following terms.
(i) Dislocation (1)
(ii) Sprain (1)
Dislocation ‒ occurs at a joint where one bone comes out of its normal position against another.
Sprain ‒ overstretching or tearing of ligaments at a joint.
What is the cause of hypothermia and what action needs to be taken to treat it? (2)
Cause ‒ rapid cooling of the body where body temperature falls quickly and seriously.
Treatment ‒ best cure is prevention, wear plenty of warm clothing/ insulate casualty with clothing or blankets/remove wet clothing and replace with dry clothing/shelter casualty from elements/provide hot
drinks/send for help.
Give three ways of reducing the risk of hypothermia. (3)
- Dress appropriately
- Reduce the amount of visible skin
- Wear clothing with a high thermal rating / wear insulated clothing
- Wear a number of different layers of clothing / wear more clothing
- Get out of the wind / find shelter
- Don’t go out (play / swim) in the cold
- Keep the body moving
- Rub oil into the skin
- Take warm drinks / food
- Keep dry / wear, or take with you, rainproof clothing
- Wrap up in blankets
- Get into a sleeping bag (with a suitable companion)
- Cuddle with companions
- Keep the body moving
How can injuries be avoided? (8)
- warming up;
- cooling down;
- displaying good technique;
- maintaining/improving the appropriate ‘S’ factors;
- wearing appropriate clothing/footwear;
- wearing protective clothing/equipment;
- remove jewellery/tie back hair/tie shoe laces;
- using quality equipment;
- playing in a safe environment/surfaces;
- playing in appropriate weather conditions;
- preparing mentally;
- showing commitment and effort;
- controlling emotions (pressure/stress);
- following rules (fair play);
- accepting decisions;
- planning tactics;
- respecting the activity, the contest, the opponent;
- don’t overdo it/don’t take risks/take rests;
- comparable competition – age group/ability;
- appropriate supervision – qualified officials/coaches;
- take notice/advice from an appropriate source;
- balanced diet.
