Performance appraisal Flashcards
What is a performance appraisal?
- sensitive and important part of the management process; requiring skill
- Performance appraisals are used to determine how well employees are performing at their job
- measure actual performance and not intent
- outcomes are positive
- because of past experiences, performance appraisal interviews are highly charged, emotional events for most employees
Types of performance appraisal tools? (8)
- trait rating scales
- job dimension scales
- Behaviorally anchored rating scales
- checklists
- essays
- self-appraisals
- Management by objectives
- Peer review
Trait rating scales
rates an individual against some standard
Job dimension scales
Rates the performance on job requirements
Behaviorally anchored rating scales
rates desired job expectations on a scale of importance to the positioin
Checklists
rates the performance against a set list of desirable job expectations
essays
a narrative appraisal of job performance
Self appraisals
employee rates their own performance
Management by objectives
employee and agree upon goals of performance to be reached
Peer review
assessment of work performance is carried out by peers
Pitfalls in performance appraisal (8)
- subjectivity
- tendency to be lenient
- inadequate record keeping
- recency effect
- Halo effect
- horns effect
- central tendency
- Matthew effect
recency effect definition
only evaluates recent events versus the entire year
Halo effect definition
when the manager lets one or two positive things influence the appraisal
Horns effect definition
when the manager lets one or two negative things influence the appraisal
Central tendency definition
rate everyone as average. everyone gets the same score
Matthew effect definition
bias when employees get the same appraisal year after year
Steps for an effective appraisal (8)
- the performance is most effective when the manager is respected
- avoid surprises in the appraisal conference
- the effective leader communicates informally with staff on a continuous basis, should be little new information
- based upon a standard that all employees are held accountable t and this standard must be communicated at the time of hire
- Employees must know in advance what happens if standards aren’t met
- employees must know how info will be obtained to determine performance
- appraisers should be those who directly supervise the employee
- the employees past experience with performance appraisals will effect the outcome
