Performance Analysis And Training Flashcards
Qualitative
Quality
Subjective judgements
E.g. coach feedback
Quantitative
Quantity
Objective process using numerical data
Match statistics
Physical
Fitness demands of the activity
Technical
Efficiency of movement in skills
Tactical
Decision making in activity
Psychological
Behavioural aspect
Biomechanics
Science of forces acting on the body
5 steps in coaching process
Observation
Analysis
Evaluation
Feedback
Planning
Why will a coach observe, capture, analyse and evaluate?
Provide concise and accurate feedback to enhance future practice
Enable coaches to anticipate events and make appropriate changes
May help talent identification and there are links with elite sport
What can providing concise and accurate feedback lead to?
Target strengths and weaknesses
Monitor progress
Motivate players
Plan training programmes
Reasons why can’t just rely on eyes for observation?
Incomplete observations - obstructions with view
Difficult to remember everything that happens in a match - only remember 30-50%
Storage and retrieval - observations don’t create permanent record to refer back to
Subjective nature of analysis - biased views which may lead to incorrect guidance on how to improve performance, subjectivity in performance heightened situation may lead to wrong decision being made
Emotional nature of competition
Four performance indicators
Physical
Technical
Tactical
Psychological
5 performance analysis methods
Biomechanics
Physical fitness
Notation
Video
Questionnaires
Performance analysis methods for technical
Biomechanics
Notation
Video/digital
Performance analysis methods for physical
Physical fitness
Notation
Performance analysis methods for tactical
Notation
Video/digital
Performance analysis method for psychological
Questionnaires
How might biomechanics be used to enhance performance?
Devise and manipulate practice sessions in order to improve technique
What feedback coaches give to performers to improve execution of a particular technique
Develop a more efficient technique which may help prevent injury
Help identify technique deficiencies to assist with training programme design
Help with equipment design/design improvement
2 types of physical fitness tests
Laboratory test
Field test
Field testing
E.g. multistage fitness test
large groups
cheap
easy to set up
no specialised training or equipment required
recreational athlete
Laboratory testing
E.g. Lactate threshold test
1-1
expensive
specialised training and equipment required
elite performer
When is physical fitness testing used?
Outside competition to gain information on performance - physical conditioning, technical efficiency or tactical effectiveness
What do physical fitness tests provide?
Baseline information
GPS
Global Positioning Systems
Why is notation used in sport as a performance analysis method?
monitor performance indicators - technical, physical and tactical
used to inform specific strength and conditioning programmes
used to formulate changes in tactics, training session length and intensity/team selection or substitutions
determine which performers are not putting in required effort and/or detect fatigue in others
Advantages of notation/GPS
objective statistics on distance covered, speed runs, rest periods for comparison
assessment of physiological demands of the sport
levels of players fitness
can monitor variations in players physical performance between games and seasons
can be used in training sessions to ensure they replicate game intensity
monitor training load of the players
monitor seasonal variations in players work rate/performance
aid team and tactical selections
used to set specific goals
Disadvantages of notation/GPS
only takes into consideration physical demands and not tactical/technical ability
running large distances isn’t always good play indicator
standard of opposition and playing surfaces will impact distance covered and top speed reached
Why is video analysis used in sport?
- provides objective, permanent information that can enhance -performance in the technical and tactical aspects of performance -as it provides reviewable unbiased data to analyse
- focus on analysis depends on sporting activity and level of performer with different sporting activities placing a different emphasis on these components
advantages of video/computer analysis
permanent record of performance - used to identify and correct technique problems, analyse patterns of play for self and opposition e.g. tactics
players use it for self analysis, often a more powerful form of analysis than coach feedback
slow motion & freeze frame can provide precise analysis, split screen for comparison to improve
recording equipment is becoming cheaper
coaches and athletes can see performance, instead of having to interpret numerical data
disadvantages of video/computer analysis
modern analysis computer programmes can be expensive
specific training is needed to make full use of equipment
use of questionnaires
provides information from performers on issues and feelings about performance
examples of questionnaires
SCAT
How can the psychological aspect be analysed?
Questionnaires
interview
observation
Benefits of fitness testing/Why do we fitness test/Advantages
Highlight strengths and weaknesses to identify areas to improve by comparing results to other athletes or normative data
Set goals
Monitor progress - initial testing provides baseline to establish training programme and determine progress
Motivational tool
Talent identification - determine suitable sport
Limitations of fitness testing/Disadvantages
Not sport specific
Do not replicate competitive conditions
Do not replicate movements of activity
Tests used may lack validity
Many do not use direct measuring therefore inaccurate
How can results be used and interpreted?
Compare to:
Own previous scores
Results of other athletes within group
Normative tables
International or elite athletes
Relevancy
Refers to specificity
Select correct/relevant tests
Relevancy
Refers to specificity
Select correct/relevant tests
Validity of results
Results measure what they are supposed to
Results relevant to specific sport
Protocol must be followed correctly for tests
Reliability of results
Ability of a test to produce the same results if repeated
Control of variables
Protocol correctly followed
How do we ensure when testing that results are reliable?
Accurate measurements
Accuracy of timing
Same equipment used for all
Same protocol used for all
Same environmental conditions, testers and warm up
Correct scheduling of tests
How do we ensure when testing that results are reliable?
Accurate measurements
Accuracy of timing
Same equipment used for all
Same protocol used for all
Same environmental conditions, testers and warm up
Correct scheduling of tests
Adherence to protocols
Ensure greater accuracy of test results
Accurate comparison to previous results/normative tables
Enable performer to set accurate goals
Laboratory based testing
Elite athletes at specialist training facilities
VO2 max, lactate threshold
Laboratory based testing
Elite athletes at specialist training facilities
VO2 max, lactate threshold
Advantages of laboratory based testing
Highly specialised and specific
Single individuals
Highly accurate
Disadvantages of laboratory based testing
Specialist training to administer
Expensive
Only test 1 at a time
Field based testing
Administered outside sports science laboratory
12 minute Cooper test, MSFT
Advantages of field based testing
Accessible
Cheap
Accommodate group testing
Disadvantages of field based testing
Not as accurate as laboratory
Dependent on performer’s motivation levels
Different tests assess same component making results impossible to compare
Multi Stage Fitness test protocol
Run 20m distance as many times as possible
Progressive test - harder with each level - bleeps quicker
Subject runs for as long as possible before withdrawing when no longer able to keep up with bleep
Shuttle achieved determines stamina
30m sprint test protocol
Stand behind line marked on ground
Sprint as fast as possible
Measure time taken = speed
VO2 max protocol
Exhaled gas passed through gas analyser
Estimates CO2 per minute
Computer calculates VO2
Lactate Threshold Test
Intensity of exercise athlete can continuously perform at
Determines point at which anaerobic exercise is taking place
Performer increases intensity of exercise until exhausted
Blood samples are taken at each stage
Point of OBLA can be related to stage in test
OBLA
Onset blood lactate accumulation
Maximal tests
Demanding maximal exertion
20m shuttle run
Sub-maximal tests
Extrapolations are made to determine level of fitness
Chester step test
Advantages of maximal tests
Measure all anaerobic components of fitness
Motivation = high, more accurate results can be obtained when testing up to max. HR
Disadvantages of maximal tests
Increased health risk
Requires high degree of motivation
Advantages of sub-maximal tests
Fewer health risks
Motivation doesn’t have to be as high
Sedentary populations
Disadvantages of sub-maximal tests
Only predictor of max work rate
Only predominately test aerobic components of fitness
Less accurate
Use of technology before performance
Performance analysis
- motion analysis - biomechanics
- game analysis software
- use of GPS trackers
Fitness testing
- laboratory and field testing - e.g. heart rate monitors
Use of technology during competition
Performance analysis
- real time analysis e.g. prozone, use of GPS
Use of technology after competition
Recovery methods - e.g. ice baths
Use of digital video recording to analyse performance e.g. Dartfish
Advantages of using technology for officiating in sport
Helps officials to make the correct decisions e.g. proper grounding of ball for try in rugby
Review original decisions and allow them to act accordingly e.g. handball in soccer
More objective - visual quantitative data that can’t be disputed
Disadvantages of using technology for officiating in sport
Officials will be in spotlight if they make a mistake
Expensive - not available at all levels
Officials may become over reliant on technology and not trust their own judgement
