Perceptual devlopment

Question 1

What is perceptual skill?

Answer 1

The ability to interpret senses, focus on auditory and visual perception.

Question 2

What is the difference between newborn and infant perception?

Answer 2

Newborns are passive and only follow a stimulus, whereas infants are active and purposely seek out information from the environment, movement is crucial contributor to cognitive development.

Question 3

What is inter-sensory integration?

Answer 3

Infants begin to combine information from several senses, using the episodic buffer.

Question 4

What is cross-modal transfer?

Answer 4

Can receive information from one modality and transfer it to the other.

Question 5

What was Metzalf and Borton’s study on dummys 1979?

Answer 5

Infants 29 days old in two groups one group had rough dummy and the other had a smooth, when presented with both the infants focused on the stimulus they had prior.

Question 6

What is sensory integration disorder/sensory processing disorder (SID/SPD)?

Answer 6

Integrating senses is damaged, making an infant slower, unable to imitate or becoming frustrated at simple tasks. Either hypersensitive or hyposensitive.

Question 7

What is sensory overload?

Answer 7

This is when all of the senses are not processing correctly and overwhelm a person.

Question 8

What are the research challenges when studying children?

Answer 8

Ethical issues, cannot damage or change the child’s nature and the child cannot consent, communication may be difficult when they are very young, huge variety in child behaviour and attention span is short.

Question 9

When can babies hear?

Answer 9

Before birth.

Question 10

How can we test for auditory perception before birth?

Answer 10

(NNS) Non-nutritive sucking, infants sucking rates changes which indicate the discriminate between pitch and response to auditory stimuli.
and ERPs

Question 11

What has been found through NNS about language in the womb?

Answer 11

A foetus can recognise their native language through the womb

Question 12

What did Werker and `Tees find about language discrimination in the womb?

Answer 12

That babies at 6-8 months 90% could discriminate between Hindi and Salish, whereas by 12 months only 10% could due to them languages not being their native language and the brain adapting due to plasticity.

Question 13

How is visual acuity measured in children?

Answer 13

Showing a photo of two images that are getting more and more similar, can tell through discriminate eye tracking, if they look at one longer than the other. If they don’t they see the images as the same.

Question 14

Why are eye scanning methods ecologically valid in babies?

Answer 14

They can be put into natural environments with first person cameras rather than always being in a lab.

Question 15

Why does a baby only see the outline of a face first?

Answer 15

Because they have a preference for edges.

Question 16

At what distance can infants distinguish faces?

Answer 16

6 inches, at 12 they only see shadows.

Question 17

What was found about the reference of babies face perception at 10 days and 6 weeks?

Answer 17

at 10 days the baby preferred the photo with more contrast whereas 6 week they preferred the photo of a face.

Question 18

What is pareidolia?

Answer 18

When the mind perceives faces in everyday objects as it has innate preferences.

Question 19

What is the structural hypothesis for face recognition?

Answer 19

The neonate brain contains innate structure and information containing the structure of the face. No experience needed as innately we are drawn to the elements of a face.

Question 20

What is the sensory hypothesis of face recognition?

Answer 20

Certain classes of stimuli are preferred due to general properties, learnt about the human face because of interaction, such as recognition and emotion.

Question 21

What was Fantz study into face recognition?

Answer 21

1 scrambled face, 1 normal face 1 non face. All children look at the scrambled face and the normal face the same and more than the non face. Shows an attraction to facial features.

Question 22

What is the correlation between infants from 3 days and attractiveness?

Answer 22

That when presented with multiple faces will always pick the most rated attractive face due to it being the most prototypical.

Question 23

How could a baby not recognise the mother over a stranger and why?

Answer 23

When her hair was over her face as it changed the contrasts of her face.

Question 24

What was Leinbach and Fagot’s habituation study?

Answer 24

When presented with a pair of the same gender they saw until they lost interest and habituated, then presented with a pair of faces with a new gender, the baby did not pay any more attention tho the other couple.

Question 25

What is prospopagnosia?

Answer 25

When someone is face blind.

Question 26

Which are two examples of conditions in which a person struggles to recognise faces?

Answer 26

Autism an williams syndrome.

Question 27

How does sensory thresholds change with age?

Answer 27

Increasing age decreases sensory awareness.

Question 28

What is prebyopia?

Answer 28

Age eyesight problems.

Question 29

What age does face recognition hit the optimum then decreases due to age?

Answer 29

30

Question 30

What is the idea of holistic recognition?

Answer 30

That older people need to see more of a face to recognise it.