Perception/Decision-Making Flashcards
Perception
mental and cognitive process that enables us to interpret and understand our surroundings (Based on our perception of reality, not reality itself)
Attribution theory (Kelley)
we attribute behaviors to either internal or external factors based on three dimensions: Distinctiveness, Consensus, Consistency
Implicit Cognition
thoughts or beliefs automatically activated from memory without conscious awareness
Fundamental attribution theory
tendency to attribute another person’s behavior to his or her personal characteristics rather than situation factors
Self-serving bias
our tendency to take more personal responsibility for success than failure
Stereotypes
individual’s set of beliefs about the characteristics or attribute of a group
System 1 thinking
automatic, instinctive
Contrast effect
distorts our perception of something when we compare it to something else, by enhancing differences between them
System 2 thinking
slow, logical (avoids bias)
Rational decision making
Identify problem, generate alternative solutions, evaluate alternatives and select a solution, implement and evaluate solution
Holistic hunches
Intuition: decisions based on intuitive understanding and a deep, often subconscious, grasp of a situation
Simon’s Normative Model
Non-rational decision-making: Bounded reality - decision makers are restricted by a variety of constraints when making decisions; satisficing - choosing a solution that meets some minimum qualifications and this is “good enough”
Automated experiences
Intuition: decisions that are made automatically based on repetitive experience and learning, often without conscious thought
Types of decision making
- Rational
- Simon’s Normative Model
- Intuition
- USC-CT
Halo effect
An individual’s overall impression of a person, company, or product influences their thoughts and judgments about specific attributes or qualities of that entity
