Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PS1080 > Perception & Cognition > Flashcards

Perception & Cognition Flashcards

1
Q

Perception

A

human experience their environment (senses)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cognition

A

human understand their environment (thoughts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cognitive sciences

A

group of disciplines > understanding the human mind (psychology, linguistics, AI, neuroscience, philosophy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Behaviour and thinking are based on:

A

a network of information processing (cognitive psychology/neuropsychology/neuroscience)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bottom-up processing

A

perception (sensation) -> attention -> memory -> action, thinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Top down processing

A

Action thinking -> memory -> attention -> perception (sensation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do both processes lead to:

A

a network of interactions, which optimises performance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

sensation/perception is?

A

the starting point for all other areas of psychology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

paradigms of information processing: central scientific approach

A

acquisition, processing, storage, recall of data in the human brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what did R. Descartes 1644 discover about hydraulic nerves?

A

hydraulic nerves - mind exerted control over the brain via the pineal gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what did C.Babbage invent in 1832?

A

Cogwheel brain - attempt to build a mechanical computer, decades ahead of the invention of the electronic computer in the twentieth century

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what did V. Neumann 1958 do?

A

used Modern neuroscience and incorporated it into IT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The workings of a brain: functional architecture

functional architecture

A

Imaging techniques > advance from speculation to hard scientific evidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what did Albertus Magnus specualte? (1260)

3 ventricles

A

Speculating about functional roles of 3 ventricles seen in anatomy
1. common sense
2. creative rational thought
3. memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

(prehistory of) cognitive neuroscience: Neuroscience is the key to understanding the fundamental processes of all mental events:

6 mental events

A

Neuroscience is the key to understanding the fundamental processes of all mental events:
1. how we interact
2. how we sort & store information
3. how we communicate
4. how we organise social life
5. how we maintain mental health
6. how we plan action, make decisions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

why study perception & cognition?

A

basis to understand pathology and manage impairments (neurpsychology)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why study perception & cognition: scientific curiosity

A

understand the human mind as such

18
Q

why study perception & cognition: applications

A

implement knowledge in thinking machines (AI)

19
Q

why is reliable information vital (perception)

2 points

A
  • we need to operate and navigate a dangerous world
  • we need intelligence to understand the world
20
Q

collecting information effectively: perceptual filter

A

channel tuning (size, frequency)

21
Q

collecting information effectively: perceptual bottleneck

A

channel capacity (1/min, bps)

22
Q

five senses, plus

A

sight,hearing, touch, smell, taste
plus: temperature, pain, balance

23
Q

other senses

A

magnetoreception, electroception, ultrasound?

24
Q

sensing magnetic fields (humans)

A

humans use tools to exploit the magnetic field of the earth for navigation (compass)

25
Q

navigating birds

A

they use magnetic field for orientation on extended journeys (1000s of miles)

26
Q

transfer across sensory modalities: ventriloquism

A

ventriloquism is the speaking or uttering sounds so that they seem to come from the speaker’s dummy or other source than the speaker

27
Q

transfer across sensory modalities: synaesthesia

A

synaesthesia is a mixing of sense causing a person to experience things as coloured hearing, gustatory sights, and auditory smells

28
Q

transfer across sensory modalities: sensory substitution

A

sensory substitution is replacing (lost/missing) sense with some other sense
- vOICe translates video images into sounds

29
Q

theories of perception: Gestalt Psychology

what did Gestalt’s theory focus on?

6 points

A

Gestalt theory focuses on the principles of perceptual organisation
1. goodshape
2. similarity, symmetry
3. proximity
4. smooth continuation
5. closure
6. common fate

30
Q

theories of perception : direct perception (J.J Gibson)

3 points

A
  • emphasizing bottom-up processing
  • exploiting richness of information content in sensory data
  • direct use for behavioural control without need of
    high-level representation (J.J. Gibson)
31
Q

theories of perception : direct perception

theories of perception : direct perception 2

4 points

A
  • comprehensive capture of information in optic array
  • unambiguous information about spatial layout (flowfield)
  • object affordances: meaning/usability in behavioural context
  • resonance: process to extract information (~ filter tuning)
32
Q

theories of perception : constructivist approach

what is the role of empahsising the top-down processes in perception?

A

emphasizing top-down processes in perception to resolve ambiguities the mind tries to make the best sense of limited, noisy data (Neisser, Gregory)

33
Q

theories of perception : information processing approach

neuroscientific & computational approach to perception:

A

first information processing steps as basis for cognitive psychology

34
Q

theories of perception : information processing approach

receptor

A

transform stimuli to neural signals

35
Q

theories of perception : information processing approach

receptive field

A

localisation and tuning

36
Q

theories of perception : information processing approach

filter

A

encoding of information efficiently

37
Q

theories of perception : information processing approach

representation

A

cortical processing and mapping

38
Q

theories of perception : information processing approach

illusions

A

inherent misrepresent of physical world

39
Q

theories of perception : information processing approach

active sensing

A

intelligent search systems

40
Q

what is perception regarded as?

A

data collection engine of an AI system

PS1080 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions