Perception Flashcards
as experiences resulting from stimulation of the sensations
Perception
concious outcome of sense organs and projection regions.
sensation
a mental representation of a stimulus that is perceived.
percept
refers to a fact that perceptions are built from sensory input
botton up processing
how we interpret sensations influenced by our available knowledge, our experiences, and out thoughts.
Top-down processing
we often dont perceive stimuli that remain relatively contant over prolonged periods of time.
sensory adaptation
inability to identify a stimulus when it is embeddwd in a distracting background
Signal detection theory
4 types pf bottom-up theories
Direction perception
template theories
feature theories
recognition by components theory
the information in our sensory receptors is all we need to perceive anything.
direct perception
suggest that we have stored in our minds myriad sets of templates.
Template theories
4 kinds of demons
Image demons, Cognitive demons, Feature demons, Decision demons
Oliver Selfridge’s Pandemonium Model
Feature matching/theories
we quickly recognize objects by observing the edges of them and then decomposing the objects into geons
Recognition by components theory
absorption of physical energy by receptors
reception
translation of physical energy into electrochemical activity
Transduction
relationship between aspects of the physical stimulus and resultant nervous system activity
Coding
a curved, transparent structure taht serves to provide additional focus
Lens
the light sensitive lining in the eye
retina
provide tremendous spatial resolution. they also directly involved in our ability to perceive color.
cones
are specialized photoreceptors that work well in low light
Rods
is the transparent covering over the eye
Cornea
The visible spectrum in humas is associated with wavelength taht range drom _ to _ nm.
380-740nm
occurs when our perception of an object remains the same even when our proximal sensation of the distal object changes.
Perceptual constancy
the perception taht an object maintains the same size despite changes in the size of the proximal stimulus
size constancy
perception that an object maintains the same shape despite changes in the shape of the proximal stimulus.
shape constancy
the distance of surface, usually using your own body as a reference surface
depth (depth perception)
there is contradictory depth information in different sections of the picture. looks reasonable but difficult to make sense of the whole image.
Impossible configurations
cues can be represented in just two dimensions and observed with just one eye
monocular Depth
cues based on receipt of sensory information in three dimensions form both eyes
Binocular Depth
the eye combines two images being viewed by individual eyes.
stereoscopic vision
people tend to segment our visual world into figure and ground. digure is the object or person that is the focus of the visual field, while the ground is the the background.
figure-ground relationship
A gestalt principle for organizing sensory stimuli into meaningful perception.
proximity
to group things in our visual
similarity
it suggests that we are more likely to perceive continuous smooth flowing lines rather than jagged, broken lines
continuity
it states that we organize our perceptions into complete objects rather than as a series of parts.
closure/principle of closure
an individual is unable to pay attention to more than one object at a time.
Simultagnosia
also known as “Face-blindness”
Prosopagnosia
no color vision at all
Rod monochromacy/Achromacy
only two of the mechanisms for color perception work and one is malfunctioning
Dichromacy
troubled seeing greens
deuteranopia
blues and green can be confused; but yellows also can seem to disappear or to appear as light shades of reds.
tritanopia
