Memory Flashcards
The ability to recall information
memory
The ability to recall perceived objects within seconds after stimulus has been removed.
Immediate memory (sensory memory)
• storage mechanism involves remembering events experienced in the past few days.
Short-Term Memory (STM)
Recall the events in the distant past that has received repeated attention.
Long Term Memory (LTM)
refers to the initial recording of sensory information in the memory system. (1/2 to 4 sec)
Sensory memory
a momentary sensory memory of a visual stimuli. Memory only lasts for a few tenths of a second.
Iconic Memory
a momentary sensory memory for auditory stimuli. Sound memories can usually last up to 3 or 4 seconds.
Echoic Memory
STM capacity and duration
7 +/- 2
Getting Information Out
Retrieval
a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier.
Recall
a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned. Easier than recall.
Recognition
activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations of memory.
priming
able to retrieve information better when you are in the same context you learned it in.
Context effects memory retrieval
retention of things without conscious recollection. It is a skill memory.
Implicit Memory (Procedural Memory)
2 types of Explicit memories
Episodic and Semantic memory
Information never enters the memory system
Encoding Failure
Over time we just forget things
storage decay
Forgetting can result from failure to retrieve information from long-term memory
Retrieval Failure
Forgetting takes place simply through the passage of time. With the passage of time, the normal metabolic processes in the brain causes decay of the memory.
Decay Through disuse
This simply states that if a person does not access and use the memory representation they have formed the memory trace will fade or decay over time.
Decay theory
The term “decay theory” was first coined by______. in his book______.
Edward Thorndike, The Psychology of Learning in 1914
Learning some items may disrupt retrieval of other information
Forgetting as Interference
disruptive effect of prior learning on recall of new information
Proactive (forward acting) Interference
what does amnesia patients losses
explicit memory
this is when you can’t recall memories from your past.
Retrograde Amnesia
this is when you can’t form new memories but can still remember things from before you developed this amnesia.
Anterograde amnesia
inattention to details produces encoding failure
Absent Mindedness
unused information fades
Transience
unable to access stored info….tip of your tongue
Blocking
confusing the source of the information.
Misattribution
the lingering effects of misinformation. Ex. Leading questions
Suggestibility
beliefs or colored recollections
bias
unwanted memories won’t go away
Persistence
