Attention and Performace

Question 1

one stimulus interfering with the processing of another
stimulus.

Answer 1

Distraction

Question 2

paying attention to more than one thing at a time.

Answer 2

Divided attention

Question 3

a rapid shifting of attention usually caused by a
stimulus such as a loud noise, bright light, or sudden movement.

Answer 3

Attentional Capture

Question 4

movements of the eyes from one location or object to another

Answer 4

Visual Scanning

Question 5

the ability to focus on specific stimuli or locations.

Answer 5

Attention

Question 6

attending to one thing while ignoring others.

Answer 6

Selective Attention

Question 7

one stimulus interfering with the processing of another
stimulus.

Answer 7

Distraction

Question 8

we can (relatively) isolate and examine a small portion of incoming stimuli to the exclusion of other stimuli

Answer 8

Selective

Question 9

we can alter the portion of stimuli we isolate and examine. This shift may be deliberate or conscious, or it may be accidental (e.g., daydreaming) or unconscious.

Answer 9

Shiftable

Question 10

we can, at times, examine two or more sources of stimuli simultaneously (consciously or unconsciously)

Answer 10

Divisible

Question 11

“Dichotic listening” was a common task used in early attention studies.

Answer 11

Selective listening

Question 12

because at noisy parties people are able to focus on what one person is saying even if there are many conversations happening at the same time.

Answer 12

Cocktail party effect

Question 13

attended stimuli are identified initially and unattended stimuli receive little processing.

Answer 13

Early selection filter

Question 14

all stimuli are analyzed, but only attended stimuli are perceived.

Answer 14

Late selection filter

Question 15

ahe created a model of attention designed to explain how it is possible to focus on one message and why information isn’t taken in from the other message. This model proposed that information passes through the following stages.

Answer 15

Donald Broadbent (1958)

Question 16

holds all of the incoming information.

Answer 16

Sensory Memory

Question 17

it identifies the message that is being attended to based on its physical characteristics.

Answer 17

filter

Question 18

it processes the information from the attended message to determine higher-level characteristics of the message, such as its meaning.

Answer 18

detector

Question 19

consider attention as a set of limited cognitive resources for recognizing and categorizing stimuli.

Answer 19

Capacity model

Question 20

Recall that the readiness of a detector can be enhanced if the detector is primed.

Answer 20

Selective Priming

Question 21

occurs when the individual believes the priming stimulus allows predictability of future outcomes (e.g,. batter expects a curveball and looks for a certain spin on the ball). Additional cognitive resources are required for this type of priming.

Answer 21

Expectation-based priming

Question 22

We see the same pattern of benefits/costs with expectationbased priming for spatial attention.
Knowing “ where ” a stimulus is to occur enhances recognition of that target.

Answer 22

Redirecting Attention

Question 23

can focus on a single object in the left visual field, but do not realize the object is there if another object is simultaneously presented to the right visual field.

Answer 23

Visual Extinction

Question 24

extreme attentional disorder in which patient

Answer 24

Unilateral Visual Neglect

Question 25

a practiced central cognitive component of a task to the point where the task requires little or attention.

Answer 25

Automaticity

Question 26

A downside to automaticity is that once a process has become automatic, it is often difficult to stop executing the process even when we want to.

Answer 26

The stroop effect