Attention and Performace Flashcards
one stimulus interfering with the processing of another
stimulus.
Distraction
paying attention to more than one thing at a time.
Divided attention
a rapid shifting of attention usually caused by a
stimulus such as a loud noise, bright light, or sudden movement.
Attentional Capture
movements of the eyes from one location or object to another
Visual Scanning
the ability to focus on specific stimuli or locations.
Attention
attending to one thing while ignoring others.
Selective Attention
one stimulus interfering with the processing of another
stimulus.
Distraction
we can (relatively) isolate and examine a small portion of incoming stimuli to the exclusion of other stimuli
Selective
we can alter the portion of stimuli we isolate and examine. This shift may be deliberate or conscious, or it may be accidental (e.g., daydreaming) or unconscious.
Shiftable
we can, at times, examine two or more sources of stimuli simultaneously (consciously or unconsciously)
Divisible
“Dichotic listening” was a common task used in early attention studies.
Selective listening
because at noisy parties people are able to focus on what one person is saying even if there are many conversations happening at the same time.
Cocktail party effect
attended stimuli are identified initially and unattended stimuli receive little processing.
Early selection filter
all stimuli are analyzed, but only attended stimuli are perceived.
Late selection filter
ahe created a model of attention designed to explain how it is possible to focus on one message and why information isn’t taken in from the other message. This model proposed that information passes through the following stages.
Donald Broadbent (1958)
holds all of the incoming information.
Sensory Memory
it identifies the message that is being attended to based on its physical characteristics.
filter
it processes the information from the attended message to determine higher-level characteristics of the message, such as its meaning.
detector
consider attention as a set of limited cognitive resources for recognizing and categorizing stimuli.
Capacity model
Recall that the readiness of a detector can be enhanced if the detector is primed.
Selective Priming
occurs when the individual believes the priming stimulus allows predictability of future outcomes (e.g,. batter expects a curveball and looks for a certain spin on the ball). Additional cognitive resources are required for this type of priming.
Expectation-based priming
We see the same pattern of benefits/costs with expectationbased priming for spatial attention.
Knowing “ where ” a stimulus is to occur enhances recognition of that target.
Redirecting Attention
can focus on a single object in the left visual field, but do not realize the object is there if another object is simultaneously presented to the right visual field.
Visual Extinction
extreme attentional disorder in which patient
Unilateral Visual Neglect
a practiced central cognitive component of a task to the point where the task requires little or attention.
Automaticity
A downside to automaticity is that once a process has become automatic, it is often difficult to stop executing the process even when we want to.
The stroop effect
