Perception Flashcards
perception
a set of processes by which we recognize, organize, and make sense of the sensations we receive from environmental stimuli
Audition
our ability to hear: made of the external ear, ear drum, middle ear, cochlea, and auditory nerve
the type of hair cells lost first are ____
high-frequency hair cells due to more stress and early appearance
auditory perceptual disorder
reduced ability to perceive information from auditory stimuli despite intact pathways
olfaction (olfactory)
our sense of smell, small molecules enter the nose and there is a direct input to the brain
hyposmia; anosmia
reduced ability to detect odors; inability to detect odors
congenital anosmia
when one is born without their sense of smell
parosmia
change in the normal perception of odors
phantosmia
sensation of an odor that isn’t really there
gustation
taste sense from our tongue; 4 main are sweet, sour, salty, and bitter
what other senses affect taste?
smell, sight, and touch
what does gustation tell us?
how to engage with the environment accurately, internal signaling of how well your brains orders are being followed
Sensory Homunculus
hands, lips, tongue, gentials
nociceptors
pain receptors
phantom limb
after amputation, continued feeling of a limb being present and periodic pain where the limb used to be
photoreceptor cells
rods and cones
rods
detect levels of light and are more toward our peripheries of the eye, more rods than cones. Several rods are connected to the same interneuron/output
cones
red, green, and blue are responsible for our perception of colors and hues and near the fovea. One cone is connected to one interneuron/output
scotopic vision
responsible for vision at low light (rods)
photopic vision
responsible for color vision and high light and spatial acuity
dark adaptation
as we adapt, we see better, but the outside world didnt change => due to rods
visual illusions
we make inferences based on what is more common but this can be deceiving
if we see the background of the dress picture as lighter…
we see the dress as blue
if we see the background of the dress picture as darker
the dress looks more white and gold
rotating mask illusion
as the mask rotates we make a face out of the back => unlikely objects tend to be mistaken for likely ones
perceptual constance
tendency to perceive an object we are familiar with as having a constant shape
gestalt laws
set of principles that proposes humans naturally percieve organized patterns and objects
gestalt => proximity
gestalt => similarity
gestalt => common fate
gestalt => good continuation
gestalt => good form
gestalt => closure
contrast effect
perception of an intensified or heightened difference between two stimuli when they are juxtaposed
facial inversion effect
when faces are upright we easily see distortions but when upside down we fail to notice these
prospagnosia
difficulty in the ability to recognize faces isn’t attributed to intellectual function
the face processing area is in the ___ region in the ___ lobe
fusiform; temporal
ventral stream
temporal pathway for shape recognition (WHAT)
Dorsal stream
parietal pathway for object location (WHERE)
agnosia
inability to process sensory information
visual agnosia
only seeing parts of an object instead of a whole; damage to WHAT pathway
anomia
inability to name objects
optic ataxia
damage to superior regio in the posterior parietal cortex; trouble reaching to pick up objects but can be named just fine
blindsight
inability to see despite healthy eyes and subconscious use of visual information
synethesia
when senses get mixed up
chromesthesia
colors cause sound and sound causes colors to show up
