Memory Flashcards
memory
retention of learning or experience
retrograde amnesia
cannot remember events prior to brain damage => loss of old memories
anterograde amnesia
cannot remember events post brain damage => no new memory
Alzheimer’s disease
patients remember things from their younger years but cannot form new memories => STM and working memory is affected, then episodic and semantic and procedural
what surgery did H.M have?
hippocamus bilateral removal => medial tempora lobes
what type of memory did HM have?
still had his short term memory but did not have encoding for long term memory => learn new skills but not acquire new facts of events
chronic alcoholism (Korsakoff’s syndrome)
amnesia caused by lack of thiamine (vit B1) => causes severe anterograde amnesia and some retrograde amnesia => affects STM but not LTM
serial position effect
people remember the first words and most recent words in a string of words
primacy effect
the first words are encoded and are recalled better than middle words in a string
recency effect
most recent words are in our working memory and are recalled better than middle words
arkinson shriffin memory model
duration and capcity of STM
15 seconds in duration and 7 +- 2 items capacity => many systems together aka working memory
short term memory
only the temporary stage of information in memory
working memory
the processes that are used to temporarily store, organize, and manipulate information
long term memory
the storage of information over an extended period of time
procedural memory
knowing how to do things like riding a bike
declarative memory
knowing information (2 categories)
semantic memory
general knowledge such as your name or cities
episodic memories
personal recollection consistent with existing schemas
sir Frederic Bartlett
psychologist who asked people to listen to the war of ghosts story and charted how people responded over time based on schemas they have
omissions
unusual or unfamiliar items tend to not be reported
linkages
made up resons for a story’s coherence
transformations
unfamiliar names or terms are changed to mroe familiar ones
acquisition and encoding
attending to the event and assimilating it into ones personal background and experience
storage and retention
storing a memory of the incident between the time of encoding and recounting the event
retrieval
recollecting and recounting an incident
why do we forget?
prevention of consolidation for unimportant things, decay, interference, cue dependent forgetting
retroactive interference
more recent information makes it harder to recall older information
proactive itnerference
old information interferes with new information
transience
losing access to iformation across time due to forgetting, interference, or retriefal failure
absent mindedness
failure to remember information because of lack of attention during encoding
blocking
temporary retriaval failure
misattribution
remembering a fact correctly but not where it is sourced form
suggestability
incorporating information provided by others into perosnal recollection
bias
distorted recollect to reflect knowledge, beliefs, and feeligns
persistence
inability to forget traumatic memories
clive wearing
famous musician who got anterograde and retrograde amnesia where his memory only lasted 7-30 seconds
