Peptide Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

How are peptide hormones transported throughout the body

A

through the circulatory system without the need for carriers

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2
Q

Why are peptide hormones synthesized as needed

A

they have very short biological half-lives and are broken down quickly

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3
Q

What are prohormones

A

large polypeptide chains which are modified and cleaved into hormones (sometimes multiple)

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4
Q

Why are peptides effective even after travelling through the blood

A

They can work at low concentrations

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5
Q

Peptide hormones are very large so what type of receptors do they typically bind

A

GPCRs and kinase-linked receptors

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6
Q

What causes a protein to take on a ring structure or for two chains to be held together

A

Disulfide bonds

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7
Q

In what form is insulin initially produced

A

preproinsulin

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8
Q

Explain the production of proinsulin

A

The leader sequence of preproinsulin is cleaved in the ER lumen resulting in proinsulin

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9
Q

Explain the production of insulin

A

Proteases cleave at 2 sites removing the C chain
The A and B chains remain connected by disulfide bonds

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10
Q

What determines which hormones will be produced from a prohormone

A

the expression of the enzymes which cleave prohormones

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