Peptic ulcer disease Flashcards
Definition
A condition in which open sores or ulcers develop in the lining of the stomach or the duodenum, which is the upper part of the small intestine.
These ulcers can also occur in the oesophagus or in the stomach, and they can cause a variety of symptoms.
Aetiology/ causes
The most common cause of peptic ulcers is infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, which can damage the protective lining of the stomach and duodenum.
Other factors that can increase the risk of peptic ulcer disease include long-term use of NSAIDs, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, stress, and certain genetic factors.
Risk factors
Family history of the condition
Being over the age of 60
Having a history of smoking
Having other medical conditions such as cirrhosis of the liver, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and kidney failure.
Epidemiology/ Population affected
A common condition, affecting an estimated 10% of people at some point in their lives.
It is more common in men than in women, and tends to occur more frequently in older adults.
The condition is also more common in certain parts of the world, such as in areas with high rates of H. pylori infection.
Clinical presentation
The most common symptom of peptic ulcer disease is abdominal pain, which can range from a mild discomfort to severe pain.
Nausea
Vomiting
Indigestion
Heartburn
Loss of appetite
Weight loss.
Some people may also experience bleeding, which can cause dark or tarry stools, or vomiting of blood.
Prognosis
With appropriate treatment, most people with peptic ulcer disease can expect to recover fully.
Treatment typically involves a combination of medications to reduce acid production and promote healing of the ulcer, as well as lifestyle changes such as avoiding certain foods and reducing stress.
In some cases, surgery may be necessary to treat complications of peptic ulcer disease, such as bleeding or perforation of the ulcer.
Without treatment, peptic ulcers can lead to serious complications, such as internal bleeding, perforation of the stomach or duodenum, or an obstruction in the digestive tract.
DDX
Gastroesophageal reflux disease [GERD]
Gastritis
Gallbladder disease
Pancreatitis
IBS.
