Hepatitis

Question 1

Definition

Answer 1

Inflammation of the liver
Classed as A, B, C, D, E
Divided into acute <6 months and chronic >6 months

Question 2

Aetiology/ causes

Answer 2

Viral infections such as hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E
Alcohol abuse

Autoimmune disorders such as autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cholangitis

Certain medications or toxins

Metabolic disorders such as Wilson’s disease and alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.

Preeclampsia (pregnancy related)

Question 3

Risk factors

Answer 3

Unprotected sex
Sharing needles
Family history
Alcohol abuse
Weakened immune system

Question 4

Epidemiology/ Population affected

Answer 4

A, E more common in developing countries with poor sanitation

B, C more common in developed countries

Question 5

Clinical presentation

Answer 5

Fatigue/ malaise
Abdominal pain
Nausea/ vomiting/ diarrhoea
Low fever
Anorexia
Dark urine
Jaundice
Right upper quadrant tenderness

Chronic symptoms include being asymptomatic, malaise, and fatigue

Question 6

Prognosis

Answer 6

Depends on the type

A, E, normally good prognosis

Acute B, C, and D are mostly able to be fought off and normally subside within a few months, chronic cases can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer

Question 7

DDX

Answer 7

Choledocholithiasis
Biliary or pancreatic malignancies
Liver metastases
Sepsis
Systemic hypotension
Hepatic artery thrombosis
Congestive heart failure