Peoples Crusade, Preparations + Princes

Question 1

When was the Peoples Crusade November 1095- October 1096?

Peter’s contingent set off in April 1096 4 months before the original departure, the Pope had no control

Answer 1

Leader Preacher Peter the Hermit - travelled through Northern France + Germany - Winter = sermons + urging people ➕.
May + June PC slaughtered 1000’s of 🔯 in Rhineland Y distant ancestors blamed for death of Jesus + keen to take money off wealthy Jews - money lenders
Thousands were killed by the King of Hungary y raided lands for food

Question 2

When the People’s Crusade reached Constantinople in August, the Emperor Alexious I transported them across to Asia and ordered them to wait for the Pope’s main armies at a camp at Kibotos?

Answer 2

EA astonished at their lack of military skills/discipline
Seljurk Turks 👀 in Asian Minor before admired the Franj (Westerns) fierce warfare. Amazed by the poor men, women +👪 (spies)
Bored pc left camp 🏹 take City of Nicaea ⛪ crushed by Turkish army leader Sultan Kilij Arslan
Survivors forced converted 🕌 + enslaved
21 October 1096 Seljuk attacked ➕ camp horsemen, archers + footsoliders killed remaining soldiers

Question 3

What is the advantage of the awful People’s Crusade?

Answer 3

Seljurk Turks ✖ worry about the Princes crusade carried on fighting their muslim opposition = advancements for Princes crusaders

Question 4

List the members of The Princes Crusades?

Answer 4

Count Hugh of Vermandois
Count Robert 2 of Flanders
Duke of Godfrey of Bouillon
Prince Bohemund of Taranto
Bishop Adhemar of Le Puy
Count Raymond of Toulouse
Count Stephen Blois 
Duke Robert of Normandy

Question 5

Explain Count Hugh of Vermandois reasons and who he is as a person?

Answer 5

Brother of Philip ‘Fat’ King of France
King = dispute with Pope Urban 2 Y adultery
Reason V went = show commitment to the Pope

Question 6

Explain Count Robert 2 of Flanders reasons anx who he was?

Answer 6

Connections with Constantinople 👬 with Emperor Alexios 1
Father Robert 1 = pilgrimage to Jerusalem - 1089
Robert 1 sent 500 knights to fight fir Alexious
1093 R1 R2 🤔 felt duty to help eastern Christians + Alexios
Knew the rich rewards

Question 7

Explain Duke Godfrey of Bouillon?

Answer 7

Fought for German Emperor against Papacy
Godfrey = devout ➕
Highly effective warrior - changed sides fight dor freedom of Jerusalem
Took monks = religious advisers + supporters

Question 8

Explain Prince Bohemund Taranto?

Answer 8

Son of Robert ‘Cunning’ Norman Lord
Invaded Byzantine Empire with his father (Bari 1081,2,4) (invasion failed)
Didn’t inherite his fathers land ✖ wealthy

Question 9

Explain Bishop Adhemar of Le Puy?

Answer 9

Close friend + keen supporter Pope Urban 2
Devout ➕ excellent soldier
Pope Urban 2 made Adhemar ➕ representative
Chair of council

Question 10

Explain Count Raymond of Toulouse?

Answer 10

Oldest, richest most experienced - senior
Close friend + supporter of Pope Urban 2
Clermont 1Prince to agree
Deeply religious, proud + stubborn
Enormous group with him wife and infant son

Question 11

Explain Count Stephen of Blois?

Answer 11

Son in law ~ William the Conqueror ✖ good soldier
Highly educated
Wrote poetry
Devoted to his highly religious wife Adela
May have joined crusade to please her
Charter records his prayer that God should return him safely to Adela

Question 12

Explain Duke Robert of Normandy?

Answer 12

Son of William the Conqueror + brother of William 2 of England
✖ soldier
In dispute with brother
Raised special tax England = funds to join Crusade

Question 13

What were the forces numbers?

Answer 13

8 Princes 200 lords below (castles)
6000 knights
22,000 well equipped foot soldiers
22,000 poorer foot soldier s

Question 14

Who were most likely to crusade?

Answer 14

Many Historians believe mostly young sons y = not inherite
Recruitment most strongest supporters of Pope Gregory VII
Nobles proving loyalty to the Pope
Looking for wealth status + glory
Religion

Question 15

Explain the nobles journey Constantinople to May 1097 October 1097?
Alexis 1 needed loyal support - Franks. His belief they came mainly for riches, met each noble in person and bribed them with gold and made them swear oaths to give back any recaptured land. Bohemund fought against Alexious for 15 years and was taken into room full gold.

Answer 15

Swearing the feudal oath overlord
Alexious never saw it as a Holy War y = ✖
He quickly shipped them across the Bosphorus.
Anatolia (Sultanate of Rum) ruler Kilij Arslan underestimated the force no attempts to attack their camp at kibotos
Fighting with muslims
16 May his men were outnumbered + had to retreat

Question 16

Explain the siege of Antioch October 1097 July 1098?

Answer 16

Lengthy
Foraged up to 50 miles away for food, blistering heat, starvation.
January 1098 Bishop Adhemar cause = sinful army = fast pray + women were ordered to leave
Urged wealthy cr= alms for poor cru
Princes swore publicly = never desert