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Business Studies EDEXCEL IGSCE > People In Business : Unit 20 -24 > Flashcards

People In Business : Unit 20 -24 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What is training?
A

process that involves increasing the knowledge and skills of a worker to enable them to do their job mor effectively.

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2
Q
  1. What are the two types of training?
A
  • on the job training.
  • off the job training.
  • induction training.
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3
Q
  1. What is induction training?
A

training given to new employees when they first start a job.

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4
Q
  1. What is on-the-job training?
A

training that takes place while doing the job.

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5
Q
  1. What is off-the-job training?
A
  • training that takes place away from the work area.
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6
Q
  1. What are the 3 methods of on-the-job training?
A
  • watching another worker.
  • mentoring.
  • job rotation.
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7
Q
  1. What is mentoring?
A

where people with a lot of experience knowledge advise and help other people at work or young people preparing for work.

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8
Q
  1. What is supervision?
A

when you supervise someone or something

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9
Q
  1. What is job rotation?
A
  • where employees alternate between different jobs during the course of their employment.
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10
Q
  1. What are the 4 advantages? and disadvantages of off-the-job training?
A

Ad: - - output is not affected if mistakes are made.
- learning cannot be distracted by work.
- training could take place outside work hours if necessary.
- customers and others are not at risk.
Dis Ad:- no output because employees do not contribute to work.
- some off-the-job training is expensive if provided by specialists.
- some aspects of work cannot be taught off the job.
- it may take time to organise.

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11
Q
  1. What are the 4 advantages? and disadvantages of on-the-job training?
A

ad:- output is being produced.
- relevant because trainees learn by actually doing the job.
- cheaper than other forms of training.
- can be easy to organize.
disad:- output may be lost if workers make mistakes.
- may be stressful for the worker.
- staff may get frustrated if they are unpaid trainers.
- could be a danger to others.

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12
Q
  1. What are the 5 benefits of training?
A

-Keep workers up to date.
- improving labor flexibility.
- improving job satisfaction and motivation.
- new jobs in the business.
- training for promotion.

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13
Q
  1. What are the 4 limitations of training?
A
  • high cost of training courses and other resources.
  • learning by doing.
  • loss output.
  • employees leaving.
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14
Q
  1. What is motivation?
A

-MOTIVATION is the reason why employees want to work hard and work effectively for the business
it is the desire/encouragement to work.

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15
Q
  1. What is the motivation of employees important to a business? (5)
A
  • Easier to attract employees.
  • easier to retain employees.
  • higher labor productivity
  • lower levels of absenteeism.
    -good reputation.
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16
Q
  1. What is the Herzberg two-factor theory?
A

it is the theory where motivators and hygiene factors would lead to job satisfaction.

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17
Q
  1. Who and when was Herzberg two factor theory found?
A

Frederick Herzberg discovered in the 1960s.

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18
Q
  1. What are hygiene factors? What are the 6 factors?
A

hygiene factors things at work that result in dissatisfaction.
- Pay.
- Working conditions.
- Job security.
- quality of supervision.
- Staff relationships.
- Company policy.
-

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19
Q
  1. What are motivators? What are the 6 motivators?
A

motivators things at work that result in satisfaction.
- Acheiving aims.
- Chance of promotion.
- Responsibility.
- Interesting work.
- Recongnition.
- Personal development.

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20
Q
  1. What is job enrichment?
A

making a job more challenging and interesting.

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21
Q
  1. Who and when was Maslow’s hierarchy found?
A

Abraham Maslow was recognised in 1943.

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22
Q
  1. What are the 5 needs in Maslow’s hierarchy?
A
  • Physiological needs.
  • safety and security.
  • Social needs.
  • Self-esteem.
  • Self-actualization.
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23
Q
  1. How are the 5 needs provided by the organization?
A
  • Physiological needs. - Adequate pay.
  • safety and security. - Job security and safe working conditions.
  • Social needs:- Teamwork, good communication systems.
  • Self-esteem.:- praise for doing a good job. awards rewards for achievement.
  • Self-actualization.:- Opportunities to be challenged, be creative, solve problems and make decisions
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24
Q
  1. What is remuneration?
A
  • money paid to employees for their work or services.
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25
Q
  1. What are the 5 methods of remuneration?
A
  • Time rate.
  • Piece rate.
  • Performance-related pay.
  • Bonus payments.
  • Commission.
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26
Q
  1. What is time rate?
A

payment system based on the amount of time employees spend at work.

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27
Q
  1. What is gross pay?
A

pay before deductions such as, tax.

28
Q
  1. What are bonus payments?
A

payment in addition to basic wages for reaching targets or in recognition for service.

29
Q
  1. What is the commission?
A

payment based on the value of sales usually as a percentage of sales made.

30
Q
  1. What is Taylor’s theory of scientific management? Who found it ? when?
A

That people are most motivated by money.
Frederick Taylor in 1911.

31
Q
  1. What are fringe benefits? 3 advantages and 3 disadvantages.
A

– these are noncash benefits given to employees. or perks over and above the normal wage or salary.

32
Q
  1. What is net pay?
A

take home pay, that is, pay after deductions.

33
Q
  1. What is overtime pay?
A
  • rate of pay above the normal rate to compensate employees for working extra hours.
34
Q
  1. what is piece rate?
A

payment system where workers receive an amount of money for each unit produced.

35
Q
  1. what is salary?
A
  • pay, usually to non-manual workers, expressed as a yearly figure but paid monthly.
36
Q
  1. What is performance-related pay?
A

payment system designed for non-manual workers where pay increases are given if performance targets are met.

37
Q
  1. What are the 3 advantages and 2 disadvantages of time rate?
A

Ad:✓ This makes it easy to calculate the worker’s wages.
- Wage calculation takes time.
-Good and bad workers are paid the same amount of money.

DisAD: Supervisors have to make sure that all workers are working: this is expensive because
more supervisors are needed.
 A clocking-in system is needed to determine the hours worked by the employees.

38
Q
  1. What is procees of performance related pay. the 3 advantages and 3 disadvantages of performance- related pay?
A

PROCESS
- discuss progress at work.
- assess whether targets have been met.
- set new targets for the next year.
AD:-
It can act as an incentive to increase employee performance and efficiency.
It can improve motivation, focus, and morale in the workplace.
It can assist to achieve a strong bond between employee and company.
DISAD:-
- some workers feel like it’s unfair.
-financial incentives may not be high enough to motivate workers.
-workers may feel targets are too demanding.
- some workers may blame other factors if targets are dismissed.

39
Q
  1. What are the 1 advantages and 3 disadvantages of piece rate?
A

AD;
✓ It encourages workers to work faster and produce more.
DISAD:
 Workers may concentrate on producing large quantities and ignore quality.
 Careful workers will not earn as much as those who rush, so it is not fair.
 If machines break down, workers will earn less money. Guaranteed minimum wage is
paid to avoid this.

40
Q
  1. What are the 3 nonfinancial rewards?
A
  • Job rotation.
    -Job Enrichment.
    -Autonomy/empowerment.
41
Q
  1. What is job rotation?
A
  • where employees alternate between different jobs during the course of their employment.
42
Q
  1. What is job enrichment?
A
  • making a job more challenging and interesting.
43
Q
  1. What is autonomy/empowerment?
A
  • giving workers the authority to make choices and decisions about the way they work.
44
Q
  1. What are the 3 advantages of autonomy? 3 disadvantages?
A

AD: Higher involvement and motivation.
- Employees feel free in a way.
DISAD: - Employees may not like too much work.
- Employees might expect higher pay.

45
Q
  1. What is a formal organization?
A
  • internal structure of a business as shown by an organization chart.
46
Q
  1. What is an organizational chart?
A
  • organizational chart is a diagram that shows the different job roles in a business and how they relate to each other.
47
Q
  1. What are the 6 an organization chart shows?
A
  • Functions and departments in the business.
    -Roles and job titles of employees.
  • responsibility.
  • to whom people are accountable.
  • communication channels.
  • the relationship between different positions in the business.
48
Q
  1. Who is a director? Manager? Supervisor? Operative? General staff? Professional staff?
A

Director: appointed by the owners to run the business.
Manager: responsible for planning, controlling, organizing, motivating, problem-solving, and decision-making.
Supervisor: monitors the work in their particular area.
Operative: they are skilled workers.
General Staff: people who don’t have a specific skills such as accounting clerks.
Professional staff: are skilled and highly trained.

49
Q
  1. Who is the payroll officer?
A
  • someone who is responsible for the administration of workers’ pay in an organization.
50
Q
  1. What is a chain of command?
A
  • route through which orders are passed down in the hierarchy.
51
Q
  1. What is a span of control?
A
  • number of people a person is directly responsible for in a business.
52
Q
  1. What is decentralized? centralized?
A
  • decentralized: type of organization system where decision making is passed down the chain of command and away from the top.
    -Centralized:- type of organization system where most decisions are made at the top of the organization and then passed down the chain of command
53
Q

53, What are the 4 advantages of centralized? 4 disadvantages of centralized?

A

AD;
- senior management has complete control over resources.
- senior managers are trained and experienced in decision-making
- prevents parts of the business from acting independently.

DISAD: - employees will be demotivated.
- less creativity and fewer ideas.
- maybe needed to make decision-making easier.
- the top may be out of touch with the needs of customers served by local employees.

54
Q

53, What are the 4 advantages of decentralized? 4 disadvantages of decentralized?

A

AD:
- may be better motivated.
- speeds up decision-making.
- pressure off senior managers by reducing their workload.
- More promotion opportunities at the different managerial levels.

DISAD:
- Senior managers lose control of resources.
- Costs may be higher owing to less standardization and more variability.
- May not have the ability to make decisions.
- may not welcome the extra responsibility.

55
Q
  1. What are the two types of organizational structures?
A

-Flat structures.
- Tall(hierarchical) structures.

56
Q
  1. What is delegation? why might delegation be a disadvantage to manager?
A
  • delegation is when authority passes down work from superior to subordinate.
    (i) - Some managers are reluctant to delegate because they are afraid employees may make
    mistake and he will be blamed or
  • That the employee may do a better job than him and this may make him feel insecure.
57
Q

delegation 3 advantages of it to the manager and 3 advantages to subordinate?

A

AD to managers:
- Managers cannot do every job themselves.
* Managers are less likely to make mistakes if some of the tasks are being performed by
their subordinates.
* Managers can measure the success of their staff more easily.
AD to subordinate:
The work becomes more interesting and rewarding.
* The employee feels more important.
* Delegation helps to train workers and they can make progress in the organization. It
gives them career opportunities.

58
Q
  1. What are the 3 advantages and 3 disadvantages of a flat organizational structure?
A

AD: - communication is better.
- management costs are lower.
- control may be friendly and less formal there is more direct contact.
DisAD:-
- no promotional motivation.
- may be to friendly no sense of accountability.

59
Q
  1. What are the 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of a tall structure?
A

Ad:-
- may clear route for promotion that help to motivate staff.
-control tends to be more formal and less friendly.

Disad:-
- communication is power.
- management costs will be higher.

60
Q
  1. What are trade unions?
A
  • organizations, usually in a particular trade or profession, that represent workers, especially in meeting with employers.
61
Q
  1. What are the 4 departments in a business?
A
  • Human resources department.
  • Finance department.
  • Marketing department.
  • Production department.
62
Q
  1. What are the 10 main tasks that should be completed by human resource management?
A
  • Workforce planning.
  • Recruitment and selection.
  • Training.
  • Health and safety.
  • Staff welfare.
  • Employment issues.
  • Industrial relations.
  • Disciplinary and grievance procedures.
  • Dismissal.
  • Redundancy.
    (WRRITHESDD)
63
Q
  1. What are contracts of employment?
A
  • written agreements between an employer and an employee in which each has certain obligations.
64
Q
  1. What is unfair dismissal?
A
  • when worker is dismissed illegally by a business.
65
Q
  1. What are the 5 main tasks to finance department?
    (FD)
A
  • Recording transactions.
  • Wages and salaries.
  • credit control.
  • Cash flow forecasting and budgets.
  • accounts.
    (FD recruited Tanya, walarie, cyra, cataya, anya)
66
Q
  1. What are the 9 tasks by the marketing department?
A
  • market research
  • Product planning.
  • Pricing.
  • Sales Promotion.
  • Advertising.
  • Customer service.
  • Public relations.
  • Packaging.
  • Distribution.
67
Q
  1. What are the 5 activities that should be carried out by production department? PD a fashion design.
A
  • design.
  • Purchasing.
  • stock control.
  • maintenance.
  • Research and development.

Business Studies EDEXCEL IGSCE (13 decks)

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