People

Question 1

Melford Spiro

Answer 1

culture and personality are inseparable
“Culture at Large”
Cultural Heredity –> Personal Culture

Question 2

G. Matthews

Answer 2

Global Supermarket is becoming a way to understand one’s self
-A small piece of people that are actually changing

Question 3

Evolutionary Anthropologists

Answer 3

simple going to complex
cultures evolving over time
started by Darwin

Question 4

Arm-Chair Anthropologists

Answer 4

didn’t do fieldwork

Question 5

Edward Tylor

Answer 5

“Primitive Culture”
Animism was the earliest religion
(Arm-Chair)

Question 6

Henry Lewis Morgan

Answer 6

develops a scale cultures
categorized cultures based on development
(Arm-Chair)

Question 7

Historical Particularism (early 20th cent)

Answer 7

-each culture is a unique representation of its history and context
-Salvage anthropology
incubate/save cultures from west and its influences
-Emphasized fieldwork

Question 8

Franz Boas

Answer 8

Cultural Relativism
Challenged Evolutionary Anthro.
have to understand culture from insider’s perspective
(Historical particularism)

Question 9

Ruth Benedict

Answer 9

“Patterns of Culture”

vast array of human cultures

Question 10

Margaret Mead

Answer 10

“Coming of Age in Samoa”
different ways people parent
emphases diversity

Question 11

Functionalism

Answer 11

each culture develops according to human needs

• everything we do has a purpose that benefits us in some way
• fieldwork emphasized

Question 12

Bronislaw Malinowski

Answer 12

Cultural traits should be seen as adaptive to the needs of the environment
-Trobriand Islands
Kula Ring
trade shells/ various goods
(Functionalism)

Question 13

Structural Functionalism

Answer 13

emphasizing the group aspect

-functions of beliefs and behaviors should be understood as supporting social need and cohesion

Question 14

Alfred Radcliffe-Brown

Answer 14

Emphasizing the life of the society over the individual -influenced by Malinowski
Andaman Islands
(Structural Functionalism)