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AICP > People > Flashcards

People Flashcards

0
Q

William Alonso

A

Bid-rent curves

Land cost decreases with distance from CBD

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1
Q

Edward Bassett

A

Wrote 1916 New York City zoning ordinance

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2
Q

Homer Hoyt

A

Sector theory

Proposed that urban areas developed in sectors along transportation routes

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3
Q

Lawrence Veiller

A

Housing reformer
Drafted 1901 Tenement House Law
Wrote Housing Reform in 1910

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4
Q

Alfred Bettman

A

Developed first U.S. comprehensive plan for Cincinnati in 1925
Defended zoning in Euclid v. Ambler
First president of the American Society of Planning Officials

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5
Q

F. Stuart Chapin

A

Wrote Urban Land Use Planning in 1957

First textbook on planning presenting a holistic methodology for creating a plan

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6
Q

Norman Krumholz

A

Cleveland planning director from 1969-1979
Strong proponent of equity planning, defined as working to serve those with few, if any, choices including the city’s poor and minority residents

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7
Q

Harland Bartholomew

A

First full-time planner
St. Louis in 1916
Developed early comprehensive plans

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8
Q

Ernest Burgess

A

Concentric ring theory

Urban areas grow in concentric rings

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9
Q

Harris and Ullman

A

Proposed that urban areas grow by integration of separate nuclei
Multiple nuclei theory

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10
Q

Louis Wirth

A

Urbanism as a way of life

Density of cities influences behavior and relationships

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11
Q

Jean Gottman

A

Popularized the term “megapolis”

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13
Q

Jane Addams

A

Founded Hull House, settlement house
Chicago 1889
Settlements were a response to problems created by urbanization and industrialization
Attracted educated middle-class people to live in poor urban neighborhoods to provide social and educational services

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14
Q

Saul Alinsky

A

Developed a vision of advocacy planning centered on community advertising
Published several books between 1945-1972
Suggest organizers and neighborhood groups should identify and solve community problems through grassroots organizing, political activism, and partnerships

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15
Q

Sherry Arnstein

A

Wrote Ladder of Participation article in JAPA in 1969
Divided public participation and planning into three levels
1. Nonparticipation when the public is generally uninformed and can be manipulated
2. Tokenism when the general public is informed and consulted but does participate in policy planning
3. Citizen power when public participates actively in the planning and policy-making process

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15
Q

Edward Banfield

A

Rational planning
Wrote Politics, Planning, and the Public Interest with Martin Meyerson in 1955
Planner identifies problem, sets goals and objectives, identifies and evaluates alternatives, selects best alternative, and then implements the plan

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17
Q

Edward Bassett

A

Wrote New York City Zoning Code in 1916
Used cumulative approach to zoning
Covered entire city and controlled land use, building height, and setbacks
Premise that incompatible land uses should be separated

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18
Q

Edward Bennett

A

Wrote Chicago Plan of 1909 with Daniel Burnham

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19
Q

Rachel Carson

A

Wrote Silent Spring in 1962

Alerted nation to harmful effects of pesticides on animal, plant, and human life

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20
Q

Jimmy Carter

A

Implemented Urban Development Action Grants to support local economic development efforts
Competitive process - no entitlements

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21
Q

Bill Clinton

A

Empowerment zones or enterprise zones
Manufactured Housing Improvement Act - standards for manufactured homes
Executive Order 12898 on Environmental Justice
In 2000, added 8 new national monuments and expanded one other

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21
Q

Andres Duany

A

Advocate for New Urbanism and neotraditional design
Higher density development with mix of housing types and commercial development so that using alternative modes of transportation are possible
Seaside, FL in 1982

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23
Q

Dwight Eisenhower

A

National Interstate and Defense Highways Act - 1956
Uniform design standards for highways
Funding for highway construction from tax on new vehicles and gas

24
Q

Mary Emery

A

Mariemont, OH
Short blocks and mix of rental and owner-occupied
Foreshadows current New Urbanist principles
Suburban Cincinnati
Was city’s founder and benefactor

25
Q

Patrick Geddes

A

Cities in Evolution - 1915

Considered the father of regional planning

26
Q

Jane Jacobs

A

Death and Life of Great American Cities in 1961
Importance of design in terms of user orientation, mix of uses, safety, public sidewalk life, and other factors
Advocated for mix of uses, short blocks, and pedestrian-scale development to create vibrant cities and increased safety with continual activity and eyes on the street

27
Q

Chauncey Harris

A

Multiple nuclei theory with Ullman

28
Q

Ebenezer Howard

A

Wrote Garden Cities of Tomorrow in 1898
Wrote Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform
Concept of garden cities to overcome social inequalities and economic inefficiencies of urban areas
Self-sufficient, high-density communities surrounded by greenbelt of agricultural land and open space as alternative to industrialized city

29
Q

Lyndon Johnson

A

Great Society program, of which Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Act of 1968 was center
Community participation rather than top-down neighborhood revitalization
Social and economic rebuilding rather than physical

30
Q

T.J. Kent

A

The Urban General Plan - 1964

Classic planning textbook on history, purpose, scope, clients, and use of general or comprehensive plan

31
Q

George Kessler

A

Designed Denver’s Parks and Parkways System in 1906

32
Q

Robert Lang

A

Wrote Edgeless Cities in 2002

Dominant urban form with large, isolated, suburban office complexes that are not accessible by pedestrians or by transit

32
Q

William Levitt

A

Levittown
Post-World War II planned communities
Assembly-line style of housing construction

34
Q

George Perkins Marsh

A

Wrote Man and Nature in 1864

Explored destructive impact of human action on the natural environment and inspired the conservationist movement

35
Q

John Logan

A

with Molotch
Proposed in 1987 that urban development is actually directed by elite members of community who control the resources and have business and political interests that benefit from the development

37
Q

Ian McHarg

A

Design with Nature - 1969
Conservation development
Layering different types of spatial data - similar to GIS, but predates it

38
Q

Stewart McKinney

A 
Stewart McKinney Act of 1987
First major response to homelessness
Established broad federal definition
Provided assistance with an emphasis on elderly, disabled, and families with children
Established continuum of care
38
Q

Martin Meyerson

A

Rational planning with Banfield

39
Q

Robert Moses

A

Designed first limited access highway in 1926
Bronx River Parkway in Westchester County, NY
Influenced the development of state parks and parkways in NY in 1920s
Drafted State Park Plan for New York in 1923
Lobbied state successfully to establish State Council of Parks in 1923

39
Q

Richard Nixon

A

Phased out Great Society programs

41
Q

George Norris

A

Senator from Nebraska
Instrumental in creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority
First multifunctional regional authority created under FDR

42
Q

James Oglethorpe

A

Designed Savannah, GA in 1733

Featured a central public square

43
Q

Frederick Law Olmsted Senior

A

Central Park, NY and Riverside, IL
First planned suburban community stressing rural amenities
Residents could commute by rail to Chicago
Designed as garden suburb, with parks and greenways
Influenced 20th C suburban development
Curving streets and well-landscaped areas

44
Q

Frederick Law Olmsted Junior

A

Forest Hill Gardens, NY
Influenced neighborhood unit concept
First president of the American Planning Institute - 1917
Prepared plans for Detroit, Utica, Boulder, New Haven, Pittsburgh, Rochester, and Newport

45
Q

John Wesley Powell

A

Report on the Lands of the Arid Region of the United States in 1878
Included a proposed regional plan that would foster settlement of the arid west and conserve scarce water resources

46
Q

Charles Mulford Robinson

A

with George Kessler, designed Denver’s Parks and Parkways System in 1906

47
Q

Ronald Reagan

A

Phased out UDAG

48
Q

Paulo Soleri

A

Advocate for building mega-structures that begin underground and leave nature relatively undisturbed
- Conceived city as a building with mega-structures that included transportation terminals, retail businesses, housing, and employment centers serving a population of 100,000 or more
-Gained some acceptance among urban designers in early 1960s
Major development was Arcosanti in Arizona
-Built environment should maximize human interaction and interaction with the natural environment

49
Q

Franklin Roosevelt

A

Created TVA and Works Progress Administration

50
Q

Theodore Roosevelt

A

Supporter of conservationist movement
Inland Waterway Commission in 1907 to encourage multipurpose planning in waterway development, including navigation, power, irrigation, flood control, and water supply
Pelican Island, FL - 1903 - first national wildlife refuge to protect the Brown Pelican

51
Q

James Rouse

A

Planned community - Columbia, MD
Pioneered indoor shopping malls in the 1950s
Used model of colonial village for blueprint for Columbia
Class integration and neighborhood unit principles

52
Q

Robert T. Stafford

A

Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act of 1988
25 percent state and local match for federal funds for disaster relief
Importance of mitigating potential effects of a natural hazard
Requires states to appoint a state hazard mitigation officer

54
Q

Harry Truman

A

National Trust for Historic Preservation

Dedicated to saving historic places and revitalizing America’s communities

54
Q

Rexford Tugwell

A

Headed the U.S. Resettlement Program in 1935 under the New Deal
Carried out land reform and population resettlement

55
Q

Henry Wright

A

Sunnyside Gardens, NY

Planned neighborhood

56
Q

Catherine Bauer Wurster

A

Public housing advocate

Wrote Modern Housing in 1934

57
Q

William Whyte

A

Coined the term “greenway”
The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces in 1980
Factors that contribute to the success of urban spaces include abundance of public spaces, active street life, and the ability to purchase food and drink
Importance of environmental psychology and sociology in urban design

AICP (7 decks)

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