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Acts Flashcards

0
Q

Housing and Community Development Act of 1992

A

Section 202 was expanded to include supply of affordable housing with support services for elderly

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1
Q

Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act 1986

A

Regulates 366 toxic chemicals

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2
Q

Dillon’s Rule

A

States have no powers other than those assigned by the state

Judge Dillon - 1886

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3
Q

Stewart B McKinney Act 1987

A

The first legislative response to homelessness

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4
Q

Housing Act of 1949

A
  • Wagner-Ellender-Taft
  • First comprehensive housing bill
  • Focused on slum clearance and urban renewal
  • financing for public housing
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5
Q

Fourteenth Amendment

A

Private property cannot be taken without due process

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7
Q

Housing and Urban Development Act of 1970

A
  • Created community development corporations

- Established national growth policy

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7
Q

Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968

A

New Communities Act, permitting funding for new towns
Funding for 6 million subsidized units
Required local government to develop housing plans

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8
Q

Housing Act of 1964

A
  • Relaxed FHA procedures to expedite FHA-insured mortgages
  • Section 312 provided federal funds for home rehabilitation
    Housing assistance for moderate-income households
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9
Q

Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act of 1966

A

Great Society Program
“model cities”
Included historic preservation

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10
Q

Land Ordinance of 1785

A

Rectangular land survey of Northwest Territory

Land divided into six square mile townships

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11
Q

Coastal Zone Management Act 1972

A

Established NOAA
Participating state map waterfront and control land uses
Created voluntary national coastal zone management program

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12
Q

Clean Water Act 1972

A

Used permits to control point source pollution
Set wastewater standards and water quality standards
Section 404 protects wetlands and requires a permit for filling

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13
Q

Fifth Amendement

A

Prevents government from taking a property without paying just compensation

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14
Q

Farmland Protection Act of 1981

A

Administered by USDA
Used to minimize federal policy effects on converting farmland to non-agricultural uses
Developed standards for measuring effects

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15
Q

New York State Tenement Housing Law of 1901

A

Outlawed “dumbbell” tenements

Permitted only 70% of lot coverage

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16
Q

Fair Housing Amendments of 1988

A

Expanded fair housing to include group homes and halfway homes
Prohibited discrimination based on age or disability

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17
Q

Housing Act of 1937

A

Wagner-Steagall
Created U.S. Housing Authority
Allowed local housing authorities to determine housing needs and construct and operate low-rent housing and engage in slum clearance

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18
Q

Energy Policy Conservation Act 1975

A

Established CAFE standards

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19
Q

Toxic Substances Control Act 1976

A

Regulates chemicals and mixtures

Substances must be registered with EPA prior to use or impact

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20
Q

Housing Act of 1954

A

Focused on slum prevention and urban renewal, rather than just clearance
701 funding for cities under 25,000 people, later expanded to state, interstate, and substate regional planning

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21
Q

Housing Act of 1959

A

Made federal funds available for comprehensive planning at the metropolitan, regional, and state levels

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22
Q

Civil Rights Act of 1968

A

Fair Housing Act
Prohibited housing discrimination
Title VIII prohibited housing discrimination
Allowed individuals who believed they were victims to file a civil suit or complain to HUD

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23
Q

Urban Parks and Recreation Recovery Act of 1978

A

Authorized $725M to economically distressed urban areas for rehabilitation of recreation facilities.
Only federal program that supports parks.
Focus on systematic local planning and commitment to operation and maintenance of programs, sites, and facilities

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24
Q

New Jersey Fair Housing Act of 1985

A

Enacted after Mount Laurel decision
Statewide approached aimed at combating exclusionary zoning and promoting regional fair share affordable housing
Also created a state Council on Affordable Housing

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25
Q

Tax Reform Act of 1986

A

Established the low income housing tax credit

26
Q

Community Reinvestment Act of 1977

A

Financial institutions are accountable for investments that they finance
Reduced the practice of redlining and opened new investment and greater citizen participation and awareness

27
Q

Rhode Island Comprehensive Planning and Land Use Regulation Act of 1988

A

Aggressive promotion of state-level planning
Overhauled state’s planning, zoning, and subdivision laws replacing 1920s-era language with clearest and most progressive standards in the U.S.

28
Q

Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

A

New accommodations for people with various disabilities

Impact on built environment and building codes

29
Q

Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990

A

Process linking air quality and transportation planning

30
Q

Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act of 1990

A

Established two of HUD’s most important programs: HOME and HOPE
Increased support for homelessness programs established under the McKinney Homeless Assistance Act

31
Q

Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991

A

Empowered local communities in transportation planning, bolstered support for transportation, established transportation enhancements program, and provided new levels of flexibility and certainty in planning and investments
Opened door for non-highway transportation investments

32
Q

Washington Growth Management Act of 1991

A

High standard for state-mandated planning with detailed required plan elements
Extensive use of urban growth areas in the state
Bridge between traditional urban growth boundaries and smart growth

33
Q

Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993

A

Established and funded HUD’s Enterprise Zone and Empowerment Community programs
Designated distressed neighborhoods for package of tax incentives aimed at opening new businesses, provide new jobs, rehab and build new housing, and change lives in urban and rural areas

34
Q

California Community Redevelopment Law Reform Act of 1993

A

First law to authorize use of tax increment financing and model for redevelopment statutes in other states
Updated law to modernize and improve equity and fairness standards in the redevelopment process

35
Q

Minnesota Metropolitan Reorganization Act of 1994 and Community Based Planning Act of 1997

A

Basis for regional planning laws in other states
Aimed at establishing a planning process specific to communities, an alternative dispute resolution process, growth boundaries, and state funding for planning

36
Q

Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century of 1995

A

Built on legacy of ISTEA
Sought to improve linkage between land use and transportation planning
Provided record levels of guaranteed federal transportation resources

37
Q

Pennsylvania Land Recycling Act of 1995

A

Enabled PA to become leader in redevelopment of brownfields
First law to provide for voluntary clean-up and set a standard for addressing liability and remediation issues implemented in other states
Federal brownfields law of 2001 largely based on PA’s law

38
Q

Maryland Smart Growth Act of 1997

A

Incentive-based system linking state funding to identification of priority growth areas

39
Q

California Transportation Funding Suballocation - SB 45 in 1998

A

Devolution of funding to metropolitan planning organizations related to transportation
Established MPOs as national leaders in dealing with clean air and flexing federal dollars from highways into transit

40
Q

Quality Housing and Work Responsibility Act of 1998

A

-Established the HOPE VI program to demolish blighted public housing projects and replace them with new, mixed-income neighborhoods

42
Q

Tennessee P.L. 1101 Comprehensive Growth Policy Act of 1998

A

Marked emergence of smart growth
Identified ways to deal with strong local control and agricultural interests
Progressive approach to mandating local planning with state review and assistance

43
Q

Georgia Regional Transportation Authority - SB 57 - 1999

A

Board given the ability to approve local land transportation plans and use federal or state funds for transportation projects associated with major developments such as large subdivisions or commercial buildings that affect transportation

44
Q

Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000

A

Overhauled existing programs for disaster relief and prevention
Created new incentive for communities to formally adopt plans for hazard mitigation

45
Q

Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act of 2000

A

Provided special protections for religious land uses and placed new burdens on local governments seeking to regulate those uses

46
Q

Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act of 2001

A

Set of reforms designed to promote the remediation and redevelopment of brownfields
Removed several liability barriers
Authorized record levels of federal support for identification and cleanup of brownfields

47
Q

Standard City Planning Enabling Act of 1928

A

Laid foundation for planning in US
Outlined powers of municipal planning commissions and required adoption of master plan by local governing bodies
Enabled regional planning commissions and regional plans
Herbert Hoover under Department of Commerce

48
Q

Indian Reorganization Act or the Wheeler-Howard Act of 1934

A

Enacted to conserve and develop Indian lands and resources
Extended the right to form businesses
Granted certain rights of home rule
Provided for vocational education

49
Q

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1984

A

Required EPA to develop comprehensive regulatory program for storage of hazardous substances
Requires owners of tanks to prevent, detect, and clean up any releases

50
Q

Telecommunications Act of 1996

A

Goal is to increase competition
Streamline installation of cell phone towers
Gave telecom companies pre-emption powers over local regulations as well as eminent domain powers over private property

51
Q

Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964

A

Required federal government to provide grant money to local governments for public transit
Available for capital investments and operating costs
Federal government pays up to 80 percent of capital costs and 50 percent of operating costs

52
Q

Antiquities Act of 1906

A

First law to provide federal protection for archaeological and historic sites
Allowed areas in the public domain that contained historic landmarks, historic structures, and objects of historic interest to be designated as National Monuments

53
Q

The Historic Sites, Buildings and Antiquities Act of 1935

A

Predecessor of the National Historic Preservation Act
Required Secretary of the Interior to identify, acquire, and restore qualifying historic sites
Called on federal agencies to consider preservation needs in their programs and plans

54
Q

National Trust for Historic Preservation Act of 1949

A

Truman signed legislation to create the National Trust
NTHP is a private, nonprofit membership organization dedicated to saving historic places and revitalizing America’s communities

55
Q

National Historic Preservation Act of 1966

A

Established the National Register of Historic Places
Section 106 - protection of preservation-worthy sites and properties threatened by federal activities
Potentially eligible for designation as significant as designated
Created the National Advisory Council on Historic Preservation and directs that each state appoint a SHPO

56
Q

Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 - Section 8

A

Recipients pay only 30 percent of their income towards housing and federal government pays the rest
Main program for housing assistance to low-income households

57
Q

Emergency Housing Act of 1975

A

Provided emergency relief for underemployed and unemployed homeowners
Authorized HUD to provide short-term assistance to defray mortgage payments for people temporarily unemployed or underemployed as the result of poor economic conditions

58
Q

Housing Opportunity Extension Act of 1996

A

Enacted to evict tenants with drug or alcohol abuse or criminal records from public housing
Designated certain public housing projects or a certain number of units within a project for elderly or disabled individuals and families
Providing funding to Habitat for Humanity and other nonprofit housing developers to expand homeownership opportunities for low- to moderate-income people

59
Q

Homestead Act of 1862

A

160 AC of land with condition that they reside on it for five consecutive years
Much of settled land didn’t receive enough rain to support agriculture
Caused government to take major role in water development in the West

60
Q

Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949

A
  • Guidelines for use and disposal of urban lands including acquisition, and change of use
  • Created General Services Administration
61
Q

Standard State Zoning Enabling Act 1926

A
  • 1924, 1926
  • Influenced by 1916 zoning ordinance in NYC
  • Confirmed states’ authority to delegate police power to municipalities to enact local zoning ordinances
  • Drafted and approved under Secretary of Commerce Hoover
62
Q

Clean Air Act 1963

A
  • Has requirements for areas which have not met clean air ambient standards, known as non-attainment areas
  • New sources are only allowed if there is a reduction in pollutants greater than the pollutants contributed by the source
63
Q

Community Character Act

A
  • DID NOT PASS
  • incentive to help states and localities initiate and implement smart growth
  • federal government as partner with localities in building great places without intrusive federal mandates

AICP (7 decks)

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