PEOP

Question 1

PEOP

Answer 1

PERSON-ENVIRONMENT-OCCUPATION-PERFORMANCE MODEL

• One of three ecological models that emphasize the importance of considering the environment.
• Provides a framework for OT practice, but does not delineate specific assessment tools or techniques.

Question 2

HISTORY OF PEOP MODEL/FRAMEWORK

Answer 2

HISTORY OF PEOP MODEL/FRAMEWORK
•Developed by Charles Christiansen and Carolyn Baum

• Development began in 1985, but not published until 1991.Updated in 1997
• Client-centered approach was new. Focus in practice had been on personal limitations and rehabilitation of lost skills.

Question 3

PHILOSOPHICAL ASSUMPTIONS

Answer 3

PHILOSOPHICAL ASSUMPTIONS
•The person is an open system
•Continuously interacting with environment; input, throughput, output
•Humans have an inherent drive to master the environment through occupation
•Mastery leads to self competence and self-importance
•When people perform competently or successfully, self regard, esteem, and identity increases

Question 4

CONSTRUCTS

Answer 4

CONSTRUCTS
•Person
•Environment
•Occupation
•Performance

Question 5

PERSON

Intrinsic Factors

Answer 5

PERSON Intrinsic Factors

• Neurobehavioral Factors
• Physiological Factors
• Cognitive Factors
• Psychological and Emotional Factors
• Spiritual Factors

The aspects of a person assists or limits an individual’s ability to participate and perform in occupations that are meaningful to them

Question 6

Neurobehavioral Factors

Answer 6

Neurobehavioral Factors – sensory and motor systems

Question 7

Physiological Factors

Answer 7

Physiological Factors – physical health and fitness

Question 8

Cognitive Factors

Answer 8

Cognitive Factors – language, processing information

Question 9

Psychological and Emotional Factors

Answer 9

Psychological and Emotional Factors – personality traits and motivations guiding choices, interpretation of world, and self identity

Question 10

Spiritual factors

Answer 10

sign and symbols that influence and give meaning to life and one’s place in the world.

Question 11

ENVIRONMENT

Extrinsic Factors of the environment

Answer 11

ENVIRONMENT
Extrinsic Factors of the environment

• Built environment and technology- physical
• Natural Environment- geographic, air quality, climate, terrain
• Culture and values– customs, values, beliefs and behaviors that affect interpretation and meaning of occupations/life
• Social Support- Social interactions and relationships, societal values and attitudes
• Social and Economic Systems – access to health care, policies and procedures, and monetary resources

Question 12

OCCUPATION

Answer 12

OCCUPATION

Activities and tasks in daily life that hold meaning (what people want and need to do in their daily lives).

Question 13

Basic properties of occupation:

Answer 13

Basic properties of occupation:

•Abilities – traits and characteristics a person has
(i.e. attention, motor control)

• Actions – observable behaviors (i.e. completing a form)
• Tasks – groupings of actions for a common purpose (i.e. driving to store to buy pencils)
• Occupation – tasks with a distinct purpose, with a social and temporal dimension (i.e. shopping)
• Social and Occupational Roles – positions that define one’s status in society, often involving the performance of occupations (i.e. being a student)

Question 14

PERFORMANCE

Answer 14

PERFORMANCE
The actual act of doing the occupation

• Confluence of person, environment, and occupational factors
• Optimal when the environment and the person’s skills and abilities match the demands of the occupation

Question 15

Interaction of Components of the Model/Framework

Answer 15

Interaction of Components of the Model/Framework
•Occupational performance and participation relates to the satisfaction and ability of the person to actually engage in meaningful tasks/activities

• Dysfunction occurs when factors affect occupational performance. This could be due to
• Problems with skills
• Barriers
• Poor resources or access to resources

Question 16

APPLICATION

Answer 16

APPLICATION
•Helps therapists value the benefits of occupational performance in improving person’s abilities.

•Helps therapists recognize how the environment affects a person’s health

Question 17

TOP – DOWN APPROACH

Answer 17

TOP – DOWN APPROACH
•Highlights occupations and performance first. Clients choose!
•OT’s work with the client to discover what limitations are experienced in occupations (assess barriers and resources)

Question 18

Intervention Strategies

Answer 18

Intervention Strategies
•Should focus on developing competence, life-long skills, and improve the client’s perceptions of health and well-being
•Success in occupational performance can increase self esteem, satisfaction, and self worth as well as create competence and allow people to participate and interact in social groups

Question 19

PRINCIPLES

Answer 19

PRINCIPLES
•Occupational performance comes about from the interaction between the person/individual and the environment in which they are performing
•Stages of development impact the importance of occupation and performance
•Occupational therapy is the mechanism to make adaptations when limitations are found

Question 20

PEOP assessments used?

Answer 20

Provides a framework for OT practice, but does not delineate specific assessment tools or techniques.