Penis/Scrotum Pathology Flashcards
Abnormal opening on the ventral surface of the penis
Due to faulty closure of the **urethral folds **
Hypospadias
What is the cause of hypospadias
Abnormal opening on the ventral surface of the penis
Due to faulty closure of the **urethral folds **
What is the defect that causes epispadias?
Abnormal opening on the dorsal surface of the penis
Due to a defect in the **genital tubercle **
Orifice of the prepuce is too small to retract over the head of the penis and often due to prepuce scarring from prior infection
Phimosis
Inflammation/infection of the glans: some redness!!!
Inflammation/infection of the glans and prepuce
Balanitis
Balanoposthitis
Usually occurs in uncircumcised males with poor hygiene
Accumulation of smegma leads to infection.
Balanoposthitis
Causes of Balanoposthitis
Candida, pyogenic bacteria, and anaerobes Inflammatory scarring may produce an acquired phimosis.
Has a glassy dermis with keratin on top
There is inflammation below the dermis
Balantis Xerotica Obliterans
A type of fibromatosis, Painful contractures of the penis, May cause infertility
Peyronie’s disease
Bowen’s disease
Erythroplasia of Queyrat
Bowenoid papulosis
all examples of :
Squamous cell carcinoma in situ (CIS)
Involves the shaft of the penis and scrotum
Patients usually over 35 years old Association with human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 and 18
Precursor for invasive squamous cell carcinoma (∼10% of cases) Association with other types of visceral cancer
Bowen’s disease (Leukoplakia)
Bowen’s disease:
Involves the :
Patients usually over 35 years old Association with :
shaft of the penis and scrotum
human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 and 18
Redness located on the mucosal surface of the glans and prepuce
HPV type 16 association
Precursor for invasive squamous cell carcinoma
Erythroplasia of Queyrat
*Squamous cell carcinoma in situ (CIS)
Multiple pigmented reddish brown papules on the external genitalia
Association with HPV type 16
Does not develop into invasive squamous cell carcinoma
Is only CIS, with no predisposition for invasion
Bowenoid papulosis
Does not develop into invasive squamous cell carcinoma
Is only CIS, with no predisposition for invasion
Bowenoid papulosis
See koilocytes invade skin
HPV; bad is type 16
Most common cancer of the penis Usually affects men 40 to 70 years old Most common sites: Glans or mucosal surface of prepuce
Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Bad shit associated with invasive squamous cell carcinoma
HPV type 16, 18 association in two-thirds of cases
Smoking may act as a cocarcinogen with HPV.
Risk factors for invasive sq cell carcinoma
Lack of circumcision
Greatest risk factor: Bowen’s disease, erythroplasia of Queyrat
Where does invasive sq cell carcinoma met to?
Metastasizes to inguinal and iliac nodes
Sq cell carcinoma fills ______ tissue but does not invade corpus cavernosum
subepithelial tissue
Scrotum :Skin afflictions are usually the result of contact with penile skin and include
HPV infection and squamous cell carcinoma
An abnormal enlargement of the vein that is in the scrotum draining the testicles.
Varicocele
Most common cause of left-sided scrotal enlargement in an adult “Bag of worms” appearance
Varicocele
Left spermatic vein drains into the______
Increased resistance to blood flow
Blockage of left renal vein can also produce a varicocele.
Example-renal cell carcinoma invading renal vein
left renal vein
Right spermatic vein drains into the ______
Blockage of right spermatic vein produces right-sided varicocele.
Example-retroperitoneal fibrosis
vena cava
Very common cause of infertility
Heat decreases spermatogenesis.
Varicocele
Accumulation of fluid around the testis, due to fluid secreted into a potential space called the tunica vaginalis (TV). The TV is derived from extension of peritoneum wrapped around the testis.
Hydrocele
Most common cause of scrotal enlargement
Common problem among bike riders
Diagnosis:
Ultrasound distinguishes fluid in the TV versus a testicular mass causing scrotal enlargement.
Hydrocele
Other fluid accumulations in a hydrocele
: Hematocele contains blood. Spermatocele contains sperm.
Treatment for hydrocele
: Hydrocelectomy: removal of TV
Hydrocele
Accumulation of fluid around the testis, due to fluid secreted into a potential space called the _________ The TV is derived from extension of peritoneum wrapped around the testis.
tunica vaginalis (TV).
