Male VM overview

Question 1

Three components in a reporductive system

Answer 1

male sex gland, series of ducts for delivery, copulatory orgna

Question 2

Functions of the Male Reproductive System

The male reproductive system has three main functions:

Answer 2

1) produce and store the male gamete,
2) produce the male sex hormones (androgens), and
3) deliver the male gametes to the female reproductive tract.

Question 3

The testis is surrounded by a capsule of dense fibrous connective tissue (CT), the Tunica Albuginea (TA).

Answer 3

Be able to recogize the tunica albiginia and seminiferous tubules

Question 4

What cell types lie in the seminiferous tubules?

Answer 4

Sertoli cells, leydig cells

sperm going through spermatogenesis

Question 5

From external to interanal, what are our phases of spermatogeneis

Answer 5

Spermatagonia

1 spermatocytes

2nd spermatocytes

spermatids

sperm

Question 6

• Secrete tubular fluid
• Provide mechanical and nutritional support for germinal cells
• Degrade residual bodies &unreleased sperm
• Secrete androgen binding protein(ABP), inhibin, activin and transferrin
• Establish a blood testis barrier

•Mediate release of mature sperm

Answer 6

Sertoli Cells

Question 7

_________, the spermatogonial phase, is the time that Spermatogonia divide by mitosis and maintain a stem cell population. This provides a pool of differentiated cells that are committed to meiosis.

Answer 7

Spermatocytogenesis

Question 8

The process of______ occupies the second or spermatocyte phase. By two divisions, Primary Spermatocytes become Spermatids.

Answer 8

Meiosis

Question 9

The third phase is called_______ or the spermatid phase during which round spermatids become Mature Sperm.

Answer 9

Spermiogenesis

Question 10

Once formed sperm are released into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule. This process, Spermiation, is driven by actin mediated contraction of

Question 11

Interconnected, epithelial lined spaces within the mediastinum testis. The epithelium is simple cuboidal, each cell having a single cilium. The spaces are bound by trabeculae containing smooth muscle cells.

Answer 11

Rete Teste

Question 12

are somatic cells that span the full thickness of seminiferous epithelium. They do not divide and have a well developed cytoskeleton.

Answer 12

Sertoli Cells

Question 13

consists of tight junctions between Sertoli cells each having >50 sealing strands. This creates two compartments, a Basal containing spermatogonia and an Adluminal containing germinal cells.

Answer 13

The Blood-Testis Barrier

Question 14

The capsule surrounding the seminiferous tubules is called the tunica propria. It is external to the basement membrane of the epithelium and contains 3-5 layers of Myoid (peritubular) Cells. The myoid cells are surrounded by fibrous CT.

Answer 14

Tunica Propria

Question 15

These are large cells that contain abundant sER, mitochondria with tubulovesicular cristae, lipid droplets and Reinke crystals.

Answer 15

Interstitial (Leydig) Cells

Question 16

The testis is controlled by pusatile release of__________from the pituitary gland which in turn is controlled by pusatile secretion of releasing hormones (GnRH) from the hypothalamus.

Answer 16

gonadotrophic hormones (GH)

Question 17

supports maturation of Sertoli and Leydig cells and maintains spermatogenesis

Answer 17

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Question 18

__________ stimulates synthesis and release of testosterone by interstitial cells.________ maintains spermatogenesis, the male duct morphology and function, accessory sex gland structure and function and secondary sex characteristics. I

Answer 18

Leutinizing Hormone (LH; ICSH in males)

Testosterone

Question 19

The testis also produces ______ that feeds back at the pituitary and hypothalamic levels to modulate FSH release.

Answer 19

Inhibin B

Question 21

are lined with columnar epithelium.The lumen appears to have a scalloped border because clumps of tall epithelial cells are ciliated while other clumps are not. he nonciliated tall cells (principal cells) have microvilli and reabsorb tubular fluid. Basal cells regenerate the epithelium. The ducts have a thin, circular layer of smooth muscle.

Answer 21

Efferent Ductules

Question 22

is lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium whose tall (principal) cells have branched stereocilia. The ducts have an even, spherical lumen. Tall epithelial cells contain coated vesicles, apical lysosomes, rER and basal golgi.

Answer 22

Ductus Epididymis

Question 23

Within the_______ tubular fluid is reab- sorbed, residual bodies are phagocytosed and glycoproteins are added to the sperm membrane glycocalyx for stabilization. Smooth muscle layers in the wall increase in thickness for one circular layer in the head to three layers in the tail where sperm are stored.

Answer 23

epididymis

Question 24

Describe cell type in the Ductus Deferens

How many layers are there?

Answer 24

The mucosa is lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium whose tall cells have long microvilli. The muscularis tunic of the wall has 3 layers, an inner longitudinal,
a middle circular, and an outer longitudinal.

Question 25

Just prior to receiving duct of the seminal vesicle, the ductus deferens expands forming the ______ which has taller, branched folds and is lined with a simple columnar epithelium containing secretory granules.

Answer 25

Ampulla of the Ductus.

Question 26

What this thing?

Answer 26

seminal vesicle: single tubular gland thats highly folded and sits on the basement membrane

Question 27

Normal prostate

Answer 27

The Prostate Gland is a collection of 30- 50 tubuloalveolar glands. This parenchyma is subdivided into anatomically and clinically distinct zones: the Transitional Zone (mucosal glands - surrounds the urethra), the Central Zone (submucosal gands - surrounds the ejaculatory duct) and the Peripheral Zone

Question 28

are a precipitate of prostate secretions. They are abundant and calcified in elderly men.

Answer 28

The Prostatic Concretions

Question 29

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia [BPH] (Nodular Hyperplasia)

• Hypertrophy of stroma and glands in the _________
• Common in men over 40 and in 80% of men over 80 years of age

Answer 29

transitional zone

Question 30

• Affects glands in the peripheral zone
• A common cancer in men

Answer 30

Prostate Carcinoma

Question 31

recongize the prostatic urethra

Answer 31

Question 32

The Penis contains three Erectile Bodies bounded by a ________ The erectile bodies are surrounded by a layer of deep fascia which is covered by thin skin having little fat in subcutaneous tissue. A layer of smooth muscle is located beneath subcutaneous tissue.

Answer 32

fibroelastic Tunica Albuginea.

Question 33

Layers of DICK

Answer 33

Question 34

The______e contains vascular spaces lined with endothelium that are separated by fibroelastic trabeculae. The trabeculae surrounding the vascular spaces contain smooth muscle (there is less smooth muscle in the trabeculae of the corpus spongiosum).

Answer 34

Erectile Tissue

Question 35

A central artery is located in each corpus cavernosum.______, branches of the central artery, supply the vascular spaces and dilate as a result of parasympathetic nerve stimulation.

Answer 35

Helicine Arteries

Question 36

Smooth muscle relaxation is mediated by acetylcholine stimulated release of _____and _______. Nitric Oxide elevates cGMP levels allowing smooth muscle relaxation.

Answer 36

Nitric Oxide and Prostaglandin E2