Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Surg Spec (Urology) > Penile Disorders > Flashcards

Penile Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What histological type of cancer is penile cancer?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the typical demographic of individual to be affected by penile cancer?

A

Older, uncircumcised men (particularly in developing countries)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The differentiated type of penile cancer is usually a result of what?

A

Chronic inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The undifferentiated type of penile cancer is usually a result of what?

A

HPV type 16/18 infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does squamous cell carcinoma in situ present on the penis?

A

Red, velvety plaques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is squamous cell carcinoma in situ known as if it is located on the glans, foreskin or shaft of the penis?

A

Erythroplasia of Queyrat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is squamous cell carcinoma in situ known as if it is located on any part of the male genitalia apart from the glans, foreskin or shaft of the penis?

A

Bowen’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Other than squamous cell carcinoma in situ, what is another pre-cancerous lesion of the penis?

A

BXO (lichen sclerosus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How can pre-cancerous lesions of the penis usually be treated?

A

Circumcision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Penile cancer tends to spread to which lymph nodes?

A

Inguinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do penile cancers tend to present?

A

Ulcerating lesions on the glans or foreskin, which may be associated with pain and a foul smelling discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How are early cases of penile cancer treated?

A

Radiotherapy and irridium wires

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How are late cases of penile cancer treated?

A

Amputation and lymph node dissection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the two most common causative organisms of urethritis?

A

Neisseriae gonorrhoeae and chlamydia trachomatis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does urethritis typically present in men?

A

Purulent urethral discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is balanitis?

A

Inflammation of the foreskin and glans penis

17
Q

What cause of balanitis typically occurs after intercourse, and is associated with itching and a white non-urethral discharge? How should this be treated?

A

Candida - topical clotrimazole

18
Q

What cause of balanitis is usually painful and can be itchy with a yellow non-urethral discharge? How should this be treated?

A

Bacterial - oral flucloxacillin

19
Q

What cause of balanitis is associated with the presence of Wickham’s striae and violaceous papules? How should this be treated?

A

Lichen planus - high potency topical steroids e.g. clobetasol

20
Q

How should balanitis caused by dermatitis be treated?

A

Low potency topical steroids e.g. hydrocortisone

21
Q

What cause of balanitis is associated with the formation of white plaques and may cause significant scarring? How should this be treated?

A

Lichen sclerosus (BXO) - circumcision

22
Q

What is meant by the term phimosis?

A

The foreskin cannot be retracted

23
Q

In adults, phimosis is associated with what condition?

A

BXO

24
Q

What is meant by the term paraphimosis?

A

The foreskin cannot be pulled forwards over the tip of the penis

25
Q

What is the risk of paraphimosis- why is it a urological emergency?

A

It prevents venous return and risk ischaemia of the glans penis

26
Q

What are some management options to try to relieve paraphimosis?

A

Manual compression of the glans penis, 50% glucose soaked swab, ice packs, lidocaine gel

27
Q

What surgical options are available to treat paraphimosis if conservative management fails?

A

Aspiration, dorsal slit, circumcision

28
Q

What is meant by the term priapism?

A

A persistent erection lasting > 4 hours

29
Q

Priapism can be high flow or low flow- which type is typically associated with penile trauma?

A

High flow

30
Q

Priapism can be high flow or low flow- which type is more common?

A

Low flow

31
Q

Priapism can be high flow or low flow- which type is painful?

A

Low flow

32
Q

How can you distinguish between high or low flow priapism?

A

Aspiration of the corpus cavernosa

33
Q

How is low flow priapism treated?

A

Aspiration

34
Q

What is Fournier’s gangrene?

A

Necrotising fasciitis occurring around the male genitalia

35
Q

How is Fournier’s gangrene managed?

A

Antibiotics and surgical debridement

36
Q

What are some commonly prescribed drugs which may cause erectile dysfunction as side effects?

A

SSRIs, thiazide diuretics, beta blockers

37
Q

What class of drug is most commonly prescribed for erectile dysfunction?

A

Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors

Surg Spec (Urology) (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions