Penicillins Flashcards
What are the beta lactam antibiotics?
Penicillin
Cephalosporin
Carbapenem
Monobactam
What is peptidoglycan layer composed of?
N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramicacid
What is the transpeptidase reaction?
Crosslinking of the N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramicacid at bacteria
BETA LACTAM İNHİBİT THİS REACTİON
How can we describe peptidoglycan layer structure?
Latticework structure
What happens when latticework structure is disturbed?
Osmotic lysis of bacteria
Gram ___ bacteria produce large amounts of beta lactamases
POSİTİVE
Beta lactamases are ____ between species via ____.
transferable
plasmids
Beta lactamases are ____.This is the major problem of antibiotic chemotherapy.
inducible
What are the beta lactamases?
Clavulunate
Tazobactam
Sulbactam
What are the major beta lactamases
Groupe A and D
Which of the two penicillin are very sensitive to penicillinases?
Penicillin G and Penicillin V
We can use penicillin G and V for ___ but we can’t use them for ___.
Streptococci
Staphylococci
Which PENİCİLLİNASE RESİSTANT PENİCİLLİN DO WE USE FOR STAPHYLOCOCCİ?
Methicillin
Which penicillin do we use for Gram negative bacteria?
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
THEY ARE COMBİNED WİTH BETA LACTAMASE İNHİBİTORS!!!
What are the anti-pseudomonal agents?
Piperacillin and carbenicillin
How is the distribution of penicillin through the body?
Highly distributed but low concentrations in PROSTATE
BRAİN
İNTRAOCULAR
CSF
CSF concentration for Penicillin is normally ___ but in meningitis rised to ___
<1
>5
What is penicillins half life?
30-90 minutes(rapid)
What is the administration route for Penicillin G?
parenteral bcs gastric juice destroys it (1/3 is absorbed)
Penicillin V is ____ stable in and ___ absorbed in GIS
more
better
What are the two REPOSİTORY PREPARATİONS OF PENİCİLLİN G?
Penicillin G benzathine
Penicilline G procaine
In adults a dose of ____ units given i.m will have demonstrable antimicrobial activity for ___ days.
1.2 million
26 days
Which Penicillin is the most appropriate for Streptococcal infections(Scarlet fever,STREPTOCOCCAL PHARYNGİTİS)?
Penicillin G
Most ANAEROBES are ___ to Penicillin G
sensitive
In which type of pneumenia can we use Penicillin G?
Community acquired(DİĞERİ HASTANEDEN KAPILAN GRAM NEGATİFLERİN ÇÜNKÜ)
In gonorrhea there ___ resistance for penicillin G,but in syphilis there ___
is
isn’t
What do we use for the CARRİER STATE AND FOR THE TREATMENT OF DİPHTERİA?
Pen G OR V
WE CAN’T USE PENİCİLLİN __ İN STAPHYLOCOCCUS İNFECTİONS
G
Which is the penicillin that is both bactericidal for gram positive and gram negative?
Ampicillin and Amoxicillin
We both use ampicillin and amoxicillin orally but food absorption diminishes ____’s absorption
Ampicillin
Bacterial pharyngitis should be treated with__
Pen G OR V BCS S.PYOGENES İS THE MAJOR AGENT
When do we use Aminopenicillins?
URT
UTİ
Meningitis
Salmonella
What is the most common adverse effect noted with penicillins?
Hypersensitivty reactions
What is pseudomembranous collitis?
More common with AMPİCİLLİN
When given by mouth,penicillins change composition of normal flora and at the end of colon normal microbial flora dies and CLOSTRİDUM DİFFİCİLE OVERGROWS!!!SWELLİNG AND İNFLAM. OF COLON
When should we be suspicious about clostridium difficile?
If diarrhea starts on 3rd or 4th days after penicillin.
We use aminopenicillins with usually _____?
BETA LACTAMASE İNHİBİTORS
