Penicillins Flashcards
Penicillin G (benzylpenicillin)
IV
Pfizerpen
IV
Penicilin G procaine
IM
Wycillin
IM
Penicillin G benzathine
IM
Bicillin L-A
IM
Penicillin G procaine and benzathine
Bicillin C-R
Penicillin VK ( phenoxymethyl penicillin)
PO
Pen-vee K, Veetids
PO
MOA of Penicillin
inhibit cell wall synthesis by binging to penicillin binding protein
Elimination of penicillin
renal
Side effects of penicillin
PCN allergy
seizures
GI
procaine formula:
dizziness, palpitations,
auditory or visual disturbances,
fear of impending death resolves within 15-30 mins
Pregnancy category of Penicillin
B
PCN G (IV, IM, SC)
susceptible to break down in gastric acid
IV= severe or complicated infections
IM= cleared rapidly from the body
Spectrum activity of Penicillin
good activity against no b-lactamase producing gram positive and gram negative, limited gram negative activity
Gram Positive of Penicillins
Streptococcus A (S. pyogenes)
Streptococcus B (s. agalactiae)
Streptococcus C,F, and G
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus virdans group
Entercoccus app
Bacillius spp.
Corynebacterium spp
gram neg of Penicillins
Neisseria meningitidis
pasturella multacida
anaerobes for penicillin
Closteridium spp. (exclude c. difficile)
peptostreptoccus spp.
cutibacterium spp.
spirochetes of penicillin
treponema palladium
Leptospira interrogans
penicillins have no staph (T/F)
True
Penicillin is mostly (GN/GP)
GP
Penicillin is bactericidal or bacteriostatic
bactericidal
Penillicinase-resistant (aka antistaptylcoccal) penicillins purpose
the emergence of penicillinase producing stapylococci spp.
examples of Penillicinase-resistant (aka antistaptylcoccal) penicillins
oxacillin, nafcillin, dicloxacillin
oxacillin (IV)
bactocill
nafcillin (IV)
Unipen, nafcil
dicloxacillin (PO)
dynapen, diclocil, dycill
Spectrum of activity for Penillicinase-resistant (aka antistaptylcoccal) penicillins
Penicillinase-producing strains of staph
Methicillin susceptible s.aureus (MSSA)
Methicillin susceptible s. epidermidis (MSSE)
Virdidans group streptococcus spp
s.pneumonie PCN susceptible strains
LESS STEPT compared to penicillin
Penillicinase-resistant (aka antistaptylcoccal) penicillin DOES NOT have activity against
MRSA
MRSE
enterococcus spp.
gram negative
elimination of Penillicinase-resistant (aka antistaptylcoccal) penicillin
biliary and hepatic
DDI of Penillicinase-resistant (aka antistaptylcoccal) penicillin
induce warfarin metabolism
SE of Penillicinase-resistant (aka antistaptylcoccal) penicillin
PCN allergy
cholestatic hepatitis
interstitial nephritis
N/V/D
Pregnancy category of Penillicinase-resistant (aka antistaptylcoccal) penicillin
B
Purpose of aminopenicillins
developed to extend coverage to include non-beta lactamase producing negative organisms
examples of aminopenicillins
ampicillin , amoxicillin
ampicillin (IV, PO)
Principen
Amoxicillin
Amoxil, Trimox, Moxilin
Spectrum of activity of aminopenicilin
similar to natural penicillins with:
improved enteroccoccus spp activity
less activity of s. progenies, s.agalactiae, s. pneumonia
improved GN coverage
NO STAPH
gram pos of aminopenicillins
Streptococcus A (S. pyogenes)
Streptococcus B (s. agalactiae)
Streptococcus C,F, and G
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus virdans group
Entercoccus app
Bacillius spp.
Corynebacterium spp
Listeria monocytogenes ( added)
gram neg of aminopenicillins
Cocci
n. meningitidis (Amp)
moraxella catarrhalis
Rod
p. multocida
e.coli
proteus mirabilis
h.influenzae
shigella spp (amp)
salmonella spp. (amox)
anaerobes of aminopenicillins
Closteridium spp. (exclude c. difficile)
peptostreptoccus spp.
cutibacterium spp.
elimination of aminopenicllins
renal
SE of aminopenicillins
PCN allergy
GI (N/V/D)
Pregnancy category of aminopenicillin
B
B-tactams/ Blactamase inhibitors (BL/BLI) purpose
to overcome the resistance due to beta lactamase producing bacteria
amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid (PO)
augmentin
ampicillin/ sulbactam (IV)
Unasyn
piperacillin/ tazobactam (IV)
zosyn
sulbactam/ durlobactam (IV)
xacduro
spectrum of activity of ampicillin/ sulbactam and amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid
same as ampicillin and amoxicillin
+beta lactamase producing strains of s.aureus, h. influenzae, m. catarrhalis, bacteroids spp., and Enterobacterales
slightly better enterococcus spp.
MOA of (BL/BLI)
b-lactamase inhibitor binds to beta-lactamase to prevent breakdown of the antibiotic
SE of (BL/BLI)
PCN allergy
N/V/D
nephrotoxicity (increase risk w vanco)
xacduro: abnormal LFTs, diarrhea, anemia, hypok
Elimination of (BL/BLI)
renal
Pregnancy category of BL/BLI
B
