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ANTI BACTERIAL . Antibiotics Can Protect The Queens Men Servants Gaurds > Penicillins > Flashcards

Penicillins Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillin Mechanism

A

Bactericidal

Inhibits cell wall synthesis

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2
Q

Penicillin classification

A 
1. Natural penicillin: 
Penicillin G (Benzyl pen)
Penicillin V (phenoxy Methyl Pen)
2. Penicillinase resistant Penicillins:
Methicillin
Nafcillin
Oxacillin
Cloxacillin
  1. Amino penicillins:
    Amoxicillin
    Ampicillin
  2. Extended spectrum penicillin:
    Piperacillin (carboxy)
    Ticarcillin (ureido penicillin)
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3
Q

Natural Penicillin spectrum

A

G +ve cocci
Some gram -ve cocci

Pen G more active than Pen V against G -ve organisms
Readily hydrolyzed by B lactamses

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4
Q

Natural Penicillin

Therapeutic use

A 
S pneumoniae :
Pneumonia
Arthritis
Meningitis
Peritonitis
Pericarditis
Osteomyelitis
Mastoiditis
Pharyngitis
Otitis media
Sinusitis
Bacteremia
Pen G preferred for:
Gonococcal inf
Syphilis
Anthrax
Actinomycosis
Gas gangrene
Listeria inf.
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5
Q

Natural Penicillin administration

A

Pen G: Oral, IV, IM… Na , K salts
Pen V: only Oral
Pen G procaine & Pen G benzathine : respiratory or IM

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6
Q

Natural Penicillin

Side effects

A

Hypersensitivity: Rash, urticaria, scarlantinoform, rarely thrombocytopenic purpura
Anaphylaxis: hypotn, airway constriction, nausea, vomit, serum sickness, angioedema, eosinophila

GI distress: nausea diarrhea

Bone marrow suppression: impaired platelet aggregation, Agranulocytosis, superinfection

Seizures: HIGH DOSE especially in renal impairment

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7
Q

Natural Penicillin

Interactions

A

Probenecid
Antibiotic antagonism if Erythromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol given within 1 hr
G procaine amd benzathine with caution due to hypersensitivity and prolonged action
Parenteral product contain K (1.7mEq/million unit) or Na (2mEq/million unit)

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8
Q

Penicillinase resistant Penicillins

Spectrum

A

Staphylococci

Not MRSA

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9
Q

PRPs

Indications

A 
Staphylococcal inf.
Endocarditis
Osteomyelitis
Skin
Soft tissue inf.
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10
Q

PRPs

Precautions

A

Hypersensitivity
Methicillin : Nephrotoxicity & interstitial Nephritis
Oxacillin Nafcillin : hepatotoxic

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11
Q

PRPs interaction

A

Probenecid increases penicillin blood levels. Maybe given sometimes for that purpose

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12
Q

Amino penicillin
Broad spectrum Penicillins
Spectrum

A

Similar to natural pen spectrum but broader
Destroyed by B lactamses (so given in Combo)

Gonococci (neisseria gonorrhoea)
Shigella
Listeria
E coli
Proteus
Salmonella
H. pylori
H. Influenzae
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13
Q

Amino penicillin

Indications

A 
Amoxicillin: (well absorbed from gut)
Upper respiratory tract inf
Uncomplicated UTIs
Gonorrhea
Otitis media
Meningitis
Ampicillin: (not well absorbed from gut)
Shigellosis
Listeria
Pneumonia
Septicemia
Bacteroid fragillis inf.
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14
Q

Amino penicillin combos

A

Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid (Augmentin)

Ampicillin + Sulbactam (Unasyn)

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14
Q

Amino penicillin combos

A

Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid (Augmentin)

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15
Q

Amino penicillin

Side effects

A

Hypersensitivity

Diarrhea (Ampicillin)

16
Q

Amino penicillin

Interactions

A

Probenecid : blood level of Pen increase

Maybe used to increase plasma levels of Penicillin

17
Q

Extended spectrum penicillin (Anti-pseudomonal Pen)

Spectrum

A

Ticarcillin: (with Clavulanic acid)
P.aeroginosa

Piperacillin:
More activity against P than ticarcillin

Piperacillin + tazobactam:
Enhances spectrum
Staphylococcus
Haemophilus
Bacteroid
Enterobacter
18
Q

Extended spectrum penicillin (Anti-pseudomonal Pen)

Indications

A 
Serious G -ve infection
Sepsis
Pneumonia
Abdominal inf
Bone & soft tissue infection
Nosocomial pneumonia (hosp acquired pneumonia)
19
Q

Extended spectrum penicillin (Anti-pseudomonal Pen)

Side effects

A

Hypersensitivity
Ticarcillin : hypokalemia, high Na content in Ticarcillin dangerous for HF

Inhibit platelets aggregation –> bleeding

20
Q

Extended spectrum penicillin (Anti-pseudomonal Pen)

Interactions

A

Probenecid

ANTI BACTERIAL . Antibiotics Can Protect The Queens Men Servants Gaurds (10 decks)

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