Macrolides Flashcards
Lactone ring , both bactericidal and static
1
Q
Mechanism
A
Bind to 50S ribosomal subunit
Inhibit protein synthesis
Bactericidal & bacteriostatic
2
Q
Route of Admin
A
Oral Erythromycin base Estolate Ethylsuccinate Stearate salts
IV
Lactobionate
Gluceptate
3
Q
Spectrum
A
Gram positive: Streptococci Corynebacterium Neisseria Mycoplasma Legionella Treponema Bordetella
4
Q
Indications
A
Pneumonia Campylobacter infections Legionnaires infection Diphtheria Chlamydia infection Pertussis Syphilis gonorrhea (penicillin resistant) Prophylaxis before dental procedure
5
Q
Adverse affect
A
GI distress
Allergic reaction (rare)
Cholestatic hepatitis (reversible)
IM inj more than 100 mg produce severe pain
Transient hearing impairment with high dose erythromycin
6
Q
Interactions
A
Theophylline (hepatic metabolism inhibitor) Digoxin Corticosteroids Carbamazepine Cyclosporine Lovastatin Oral anticoagulants (clarithromycin) Cisapride (clarithromycin) Pimozide (clarithromycin) (sudden death reported)
7
Q
Clarithromycin
A
Staphylococcus and streptococcus MAI Toxoplasma gondii Cryptosporidium spp MAC (mycobacterium Avium complex) Otitis media Sinusitis Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pharyngitis With PPIs for h. Pylori
8
Q
Azithromycin
A
Accumulates in cells . So tissue level is higher than plasma level H influenza Gram negative Non gonococcal urethritis (Chlamydia) Lower respiratory tract infection Pelvic inflammatory disease Pharyngitis Legionnaires disease Pediatric use Prophylaxis
