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A&P Exam 4 > Pelvis - Reproductive Organs > Flashcards

Pelvis - Reproductive Organs Flashcards

1
Q

When male hormones are present, the _____ system persists

A

wolffian

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2
Q

When male hormones are not present, ____ ducts persist

A

mullerian

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3
Q

The external genitalia are similarly bipotential until the ____

A

8th week

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4
Q

Sexual differentiation under normal circumstances is under the control of 35 kb region of the Y chromosome known as the ____

A

SRY gene

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5
Q

The female breast is made up of the mammary gland, a modified sweat gland within the ____ tissue layer

A

subcutaneous

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6
Q

The areola contains ____ glands whose oily secretions lubricate the area during nursing.

A

sebaceous

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7
Q

Two parts of the mammary glands

A

The parenchyma which produces milk.
The stroma which is a fibrous framework that separates the lobules and supports the lobes.

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8
Q

Three parts of the parenchyma

A
  • lobules which contain alveoli lined with secretory cells
  • Lactiferous ducts drain each lobule and open at the nipple
  • lactiferous sinus where a small amount of milk is stored in lactating females.
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9
Q

What attaches the stroma to the overlying dermis of the skin?

A

suspensory (Cooper) ligaments

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10
Q

What is the retromammary space?

A

a layer of loose connective tissue that separates the breast from the underlying fascia of the pectoralis major m. and allows movement of the breast on the thoracic wall.

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11
Q

What % of breast lymphatic vessels drain into the axillary lymph nodes?

A

75%

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12
Q

The pelvic region includes what:

A

the pelvic cavity (the bowl-shaped space enclosed by the bony pelvis), and the perineum (the diamond-shaped area inferior to the pelvic floor and between the upper aspects of the thighs)

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13
Q

The ____ is the space inferior to the pelvic floor, and is divided into the ___ and ___ triangles

A

perineum; urogenital and anal

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14
Q

What does the pereneal membrane do?

A
  • Separates the urogenital triangle into the deep and superficial perineal spaces
  • It forms a platform for attachment of the cavernous bodies of the external genitalia
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15
Q

Three muscles of the perineum

A

Bulbospongiosus m.
Ischiocavernosus m.
Superficial transverse perineal m.

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16
Q

The muscles of the perineum are innervated by the _____

A

pudendal nerve (S2-S4)

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17
Q

Organ of incubation and parturition

A

Uterus

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18
Q

Organ of copulation and parturition

A

Vagina (upper portion)

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19
Q

The _____ attaches the ovary to the supralateral aspect of the uterus

A

ligament of the ovary

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20
Q

The ____ suspends the ovary from the posterior part of the broad ligament.

A

mesovarium

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21
Q

The _____ encloses the ovarian vessels and nerves with a fold of peritoneum.

A

suspensory ligament of the ovary

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22
Q

Venous network that drains the ovary

A

Pampiniform plexus

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23
Q

The normal sites of fertilization & most common sites of ectopic pregnancies

A

Uterine Tubes

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24
Q

Four parts of the uterine tubes

A
  • The uterine part: passes through the wall of the uterus
  • The isthmus: the narrowest part
  • The ampulla: the longest and widest part
  • The infundibulum: fingerlike fimbriae that surround the ovary
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25
Q

normally the site where fertilization occurs

A

Ampulla

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26
Q

the site of implantation of the fertilized egg, subsequent development of the embryo, and parturition of the fetus

A

Uterus

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27
Q

Two parts of the Uterus

A
  • Body: includes fundus (uppermost part) and isthmus (narrow segment that extends into the cervix)
  • Cervix: the least mobile part of the uterus. The lower ⅓.
28
Q

Normal position of the uterus

A

anteflexed and anteverted.

29
Q

Uterine Ligaments

A

Broad Ligament
Round Ligament
Cardinal LIgament
Uterosacral ligament

30
Q

double fold of peritoneum that extends from each side of the uterus to the walls of the pelvis.

A

Broad Ligament

31
Q

Structure that originates near the fundus, passes through the deep inguinal rings and inguinal canal, and inserts in the labia majora.

A

Round Ligament

32
Q

Ligament that connects the uterine cervix to the pelvic wall

A

Cardinal Ligament

33
Q

primary blood supply to the uterus

A

uterine artery

34
Q

Ligament that connects the uterine cervix to the sacrum

A

Uterosacral ligament

35
Q

The vagina is a _____ tube that extends from the cervix to the vaginal orifice

A

fibromusclar

36
Q

Recess that surrounds the lower cervix as it protrudes into the upper vagina.

A

vagina fornix (There are anterior, lateral, and posterior regions)

37
Q

Structure where production of mucoid secretions occurs

A

Greater and lesser vestibular glands

38
Q

The labia majora is a continuation of the

A

Mons pubis

39
Q

The clitoris is a highly sensitive erectile organ at the anterior junction of the _____

A

labia minora

40
Q

Corpora cavernosa join to form the body of the ____

A

clitoris

41
Q

The ____ of the vagina is a space surrounded by the labia minora

A

vestibule

42
Q

The ____ at the top of the clitoris is the most sensitive part

A

glans

43
Q

_____ glands lie under the posterior end of the vestibular bulbs

A

Greater vestibular (Bartholin’s)

44
Q

is continuous with the deep membranous layer of the superficial fascia of the abdomen and with the superficial fascia of perineum. (Scrotum)

A

Dartos fascia

45
Q

___ Is an extension of dartos fascia divides the scrotum into right and left compartments.

A

Scrotal raphe

46
Q

Three parts of the penis

A

Root
body
glans penis

47
Q

The spongy urethra enters the _____ on its dorsal surface.

A

Bulb of the penis

48
Q

The corpora cavernosa is a continuation of the _____, are on the dorsal side

A

crura

49
Q

Corpus spongiosum is a continuation of the _____, is transversed by the _____

A

bulb; penile urethra

50
Q

The glans penis is an expansion of the distal end of the ______

A

corpus spongiosum

51
Q

The ____ overhangs the distal ends of the corpora cavernosa

A

corona

52
Q

Arterial to venous flow of the penis

A

ADD

53
Q

The prostate is an accessory reproductive gland that produces ___% of the seminal fluid

A

25

54
Q

The ____ are convoluted tubules that produce 70% of the seminal fluid

A

seminal glands

55
Q

The ___ forms at the deep inguinal ring, goes through the canal, exits at the superficial inguinal ring.

A

spermatic cord

56
Q

Fascial layers around the spermatic cord (same as those around the testes)

A
  • Internal spermatic fascia from the transversalis fascia
  • Cremaster muscle and fascia from the internal oblique muscle and fascia
  • External spermatic fascia from the external oblique fascia
57
Q

structures that produce spermatozoa and secrete testosterone

A

Testes

58
Q

The ____ (an extension of the peritoneum) forms a closed sac around the testis, surrounding it on all sides except the posterior section

A

tunica vaginalis

59
Q

Each testis is surrounded by the ____, a tough capsule of connective tissue.

A

tunica albuginea (It invaginates to separate the testis into 200+ lobules)

60
Q

Sperm are produced in the _____, which are highly coiled tubules within the lobules

A

seminiferous tubules

61
Q

The tail of the epididymis is continuous with the _____

A

ductus deferens

62
Q

muscular tube that transmits sperm from the scrotum to the pelvis

A

ductus deferens

63
Q

Ductus deferens joins with the duct of the seminal glands to form the ____

A

ejaculatory duct

64
Q

What is a hydrocele?

A

an opening in the processus vaginalis where excess peritoneal fluid can accumulate.

65
Q

What is a Varicocele?

A

a dilatation of the pampiniform venous plexus and the internal spermatic vein, often described as a “bag of worms”

A&P Exam 4 (5 decks)

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