GI: Accessory Organs

Question 1

Accessory Organs of the GI System

Answer 1

Liver
Gallbladder (and biliary tree)
Pancreas
Spleen

Question 2

Intraperitoneal Organs

Answer 2

Spleen
Liver (with exception of bare area)
Gallbladder

Question 3

Extraperitoneal Organs

Answer 3

Kidneys
Suprarenal glands
Pancreas
Duodenum
Ascending and descending colon

Question 4

The bare area of the liver is in direct contact with _____

Answer 4

The diaphragm

Question 5

What is special about the bare area of the liver?

Answer 5

It lacks any peritoneal covering

Question 6

What contains the porta hepatis?

Answer 6

Transverse fissure

Question 7

What vessels are in the portal triad?

Answer 7

Proper hepatic artery
Portal Vein
Common Bile duct

Question 8

The liver is divided into 8 segments by what blood vessels

Answer 8

Intrahepatic

Question 9

Funcitonal unit of the liver

Answer 9

Liver lobules (hepatic lobules)

Question 10

Bile canaliculi eventually coalesce into larger Hepatic Ducts and leave the liver into the Biliary System of ducts and the Gallbladder. This is called the ______ system

Answer 10

Hepatobiliary

Question 11

The common bile duct descends within which ligament connected to the lesser omentum?

Answer 11

Hepatoduodenal Ligament

Question 12

One branch of the right hepatic artery is called _____ traveling _____

Answer 12

Cystic artery; close to the cystic duct

Question 13

What does the common bile duct merge with when it descends from the liver? Where does it lead?

Answer 13

Pancreatic duct; Hepatopancreatic Ampulla (Ampulla of Vater)

Question 14

What sphincter is located at the ampulla of vater and can cause a backup of bile if it becomes too constricted?

Answer 14

Sphincter of Oddi

Question 15

What does it mean that the pancreas is an exocrine and endocrine gland?

Answer 15

Exocrine because it synthesizes and secretes digestive enzymes
Endocrine because it produces and secretes insulin and glucagon, two important hormones

Question 16

Functional units of the pancreas are called (exocrine function)

Answer 16

Acini

Question 17

If there is a minor accessory pancreatic duct, it will drain _____

Answer 17

Superiorly

Question 18

The spleen acts primarily as a _____ and as a _______

Answer 18

lymphoid gland; filter of old or abnormal blood cells and platelets.

Question 19

T/F - There is an anastomosis of arteries for both the pancreas and the spleen

Answer 19

False
Pancreas does but the Spleen does not have any collateral arteries

Question 20

T/F - The spleen is an intraperitoneal organ?

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What ligament helps hold the spleen into place?

Answer 21

Splenocolic ligament

Question 22

Which ligament connects the spleen to the parietal peritoneum and posterior inferior diaphragm?

Answer 22

Phrenicosplenic Ligament

Question 23

Which ligament connects the spleen to the kidney?

Answer 23

Splenorenal ligament