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A&P Exam 4 > Leg - Proximal > Flashcards

Leg - Proximal Flashcards

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1
Q

Region name for anterior knee

A

Genual region

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2
Q

Greater and lesser trochanters
are sites for muscle attachments,
and are separated by the
_______ posteriorly
and ______ anteriorly

A

intertrochanteric crest; intrerotreric line

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3
Q

Distally, the ____ and ____
epicondyles are the attachment
sites for ligaments of the knee

A

medial; lateral

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4
Q

Superiorly, it’s base of the patella is
attached to the ____

A

quadriceps tendon

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5
Q

Inferiorly, its apex of the patella is attached to the
_____

A

patellar ligament

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6
Q

ligaments that strengthen the hip joint capsule (spiral arrangement)

A

Iliofemoral*, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral ligaments

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7
Q

A fibrocartilaginous acetabular labrum attached
to the acetabular rim _____ the joint

A

deepens

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8
Q

branches of the internal iliac artery that supply the lower limb

A

○ Superior gluteal artery
○ Inferior gluteal artery
○ Obturator artery

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9
Q

The Obturator artery exits the pelvis anteriorly through the obturator foramen to supply the ____

A

medial thigh

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10
Q

The femoral artery travels with the _

A

femoral vein, and femoral nerve

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11
Q

At the adductor hiatus, the femoral artery
becomes the _____

A

popliteal artery

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12
Q

What two arteries exit through the greater sciatic
foramen to supply the gluteal region

A

○ Superior gluteal artery
○ Inferior gluteal artery

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13
Q

The branches of the femoral artery that supply
the lower limb

A

○ Superficial circumflex iliac artery
○ Superficial epigastric artery
○ External pudendal arteries (superficial and deep)
○ Descending genicular artery
deep artery of the thigh

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14
Q

The _____ is the largest branch of the femoral artery and branches off in the proximal thigh

A

deep artery of the thigh

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15
Q

The popliteal artery is the continuation of
the _____

A

femoral artery

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16
Q

Anastomosis of the knee includes these vessels

A

○ Medial superior genicular artery
○ Lateral superior genicular artery

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17
Q

What is the cruciate anastomosis?

A

○ Medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries
○ 1st perforating artery
○ Inferior gluteal artery

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18
Q

Follow the drainage of the genicular veins to the IVC

A

Genicular > popliteal > femoral > external iliac > common iliac > IVC

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19
Q

The medial and lateral circumflex femoral
veins drain into the _____

A

deep vein of the thigh

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20
Q

Both the superior and inferior gluteal
veins pass through the _____ and empty into the internal iliac vein

A

greater sciatic foramen

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21
Q

The obturator vein passes through
the the greater sciatic foramen and empties into the _____

A

internal iliac vein

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22
Q

Superficial veins are located in the ____, and drains to deep venous system and ultimately femoral vein

A

subcutaneous tissue

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23
Q

Largest superficial vein

A

Great Saphenous vein

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24
Q

Venous drainage is assisted by

A

● Presence of valves in the veins
● Pulsing of the accompanying arteries
● Contraction of the surrounding muscles

25
Q

Nerves of the lumbar plexus

A

● Iliohypogastric nerve (L1): Skin upper lateral thigh and inguinal region
● Ilioinguinal nerve (L1): Skin upper anterior thigh
● Genitofemoral nerve (L1-2): Skin over upper thigh
● Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (L2-3): Skin lateral thigh

26
Q

Nerve that Innervates muscles of the anterior
thigh

A

Femoral nerve

27
Q

What nerve Innervates muscles of the medial
compartment

A

Obturator nerve

28
Q

Nerves of the sacral plexus

A

● Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1): Enters above piriformis muscle, and supplies
abductors of the hip
● Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S3): Enters inferior to the piriformis muscle, and innervates the gluteus maximus
● Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (L1-S3): Sensory nerve to thigh and posterior perineum

29
Q

The two nerves diverging from the sciatic nerve

A

Tibial nerve
Common fibular nerve

30
Q

Illiopsoas muscle

A

O: Psoas on spinal column T12-L4; Illiacus on iliac fossa
I: Lesser trochanter of the femur
I: Psoas by lumbar plexus; illiacus by femoral nerve
A: Flexion and external rotation of the hip

31
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

O: sacrum and thoracolumbar
fascia
I: Upper fibers insert into IT tract
(band), and lower fibers to the gluteal
tuberosity.
I: Inferior gluteal nerve
A: Extends and externally rotates the hip.

32
Q

Gluteus Medius

A

O: ilium
I: great trochanter of the
femur.
I: superior gluteal nerve
A: abduct and stabilize the hip

33
Q

tensor fasciae latae

A

O: anterior superior iliac spine
I: IT tract
I: superior gluteal nerve
A: abducts the hip, and aids in flexion, and internal rotation of the hip.

34
Q

______ is the tough band of tissue that
encloses the muscles of the thigh.

A

Fascia Lata

35
Q

_____ is inflammation and tendonitis along
the IT tract.

A

Iliotibial band syndrome

36
Q

gluteus minimus

A

O: ilium
I: greater trochanter of the femur
I: superior gluteal nerve
A: Anteriorly the muscle flexes and, internal rotates the hip. Posteriorly it acts on extension and external rotation of the hip

37
Q

Piriformis

A

O: sacrum
I: greater trochanter of the femur
I: sacral plexus
A: Action of external rotation, abduction, and extension.

38
Q

Obturator Internus

A

O: inner surface of the obturator membrane
I: medial surface greater trochanter.
I: branches of the sacral plexus
A: externally rotate and adduct the hip

39
Q

Quadratus femoris

A

O: lateral border of the ischial tuberosity
I: intertrochanteric crest of the femur
I: branches of the sacral plexus
A: externally rotate and adduct the hip joint

40
Q

Gemeli

A

O: has two origins, the superior on the ischial spine and inferior to ischial tuberosity.
I: obturator internus tendon.
I: branches of the sacral plexus
A: externally rotate and adduct the hip

41
Q

Sartorius

A

O: ASIS
I: medial aspect of the tibial tuberosity.
I: Femoral nerve
A: hip flexion, abduction, external rotation.

42
Q

Quadriceps Femoris - 4 parts (& what is their innervation and insertion?)

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
*all innervated by the femoral nerve, and all
insert into the tibial tuberosity

43
Q

Rectus Femoris

A

O: anterior inferior iliac spine.
A: hip flexion and knee extension.

44
Q

Vastus medialis

A

O: linea aspera
I: medial aspect of the tibial tuberosity.
A: knee extension.

45
Q

Vastus lateralis

A

O: linea aspera and greater trochanter
I: lateral aspect of the tibial tuberosity
A: is knee extension.

46
Q

Vastus intermedius

A

O: femoral shaft
A: knee extension.

47
Q

Medial compartment muscles

A

Pectineus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Gracilis
Obturator externus
Adductor magnus

48
Q

Anterior compartment muscles

A

Sartorius
Quadriceps femoris (4 parts)

49
Q

Posterior compartment muscles

A

Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus

50
Q

Borders of the femoral triangle

A

○ Inguinal ligament – superiorly
○ Adductor longus – medially
○ Sartorius muscle – laterally

51
Q

Pectineus

A

O: pecten pubis
I: pectineal line of the femur.
I: femoral and obturator nerves.
A: adduction, external rotation and to stabilize the pelvis

52
Q

Adductor longus

A

O: superior pubic rami
I: medial femur
I: Obturator nerve
A: hip adduction and flexion up to 70 degrees.

53
Q

Adductor brevis

A

O: inferior pubic rami
I: Femur
I: Obturator Nerve
A: hip adduction and flexion up to 70
degrees.

54
Q

Gracilis

A

O: inferior pubic rami
I: medial aspect of the tibial tuberosity.
I: Obturator nerve
A: hip adduction and flexion, with
some knee flexion and internal rotation

55
Q

Obturator externus

A

O: outer surface of obturator membrane
I: trochanteric fossa of the femur.
I: Obturator nerve
A: hip adduction, external rotation, and
stabilization of the the hip.

56
Q

Adductor magnus

A

O: inferior pubic rami, ischial ramus and tuberosity
I: medial femoral linea spine to the adductor tubercle.
I: deep by obturator nerve and superficial by tibial nerves
A: adduction, extension, slight flexion, and stabilization of the hip.

57
Q

Biceps femoris (long and short head)

A

Long Head
O: ischial tuberosity and sacrotuberous ligament.
I: head of the fibula.
I: Tibial nerve
A: hip extension and knee
flexion and external rotation.

Short head
O: lateral aspect of the linea aspera.
I: head of the fibula
I: common fibular nerve
A: knee flexion and external rotation.

58
Q

Semimembranosus

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial tibial condyle.
I: tibial nerve
A: extension and stabilization of the hip. Flexion and internal rotation of the knee.

59
Q

Semitendinosus

A

O: ischial tuberosity and sacrotuberous
ligament.
I: medial tibial tuberosity of the pes anserinus.
I: tibial nerve
A: extension and stabilization of the hip.
Flexion and internal rotation of the knee.

A&P Exam 4 (5 decks)

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