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Gross Anatomy Final Exam > Pelvis and Upper Thighs > Flashcards

Pelvis and Upper Thighs Flashcards

1
Q

The pelvis is made up of which bones?

A

Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis

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2
Q

Which bones form the **acetabulum **laterally and inferiorly?

A

Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis

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3
Q

Which bone is superior and the largest part of the pelvis?

A

Ilium

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4
Q

Which bones are known as the “sit” bones?

A

Ischial tuberosity

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5
Q

Which bone structure markings are located in the same coronal (frontal) plane of the pelvis?

A

Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and pubic symphysis

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6
Q

Which bone structure markings are located in the same vertical (sagittal) plane in the pelvis?

A

**Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) **and pubic tubercle

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7
Q

What lies inferior and medial to the acetabulum?

A

Obturator foramen

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8
Q

What runs from the **anterior superior iliac spine **(ASIS) **to the pubis?

A

Inguinal ligament

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9
Q

What is the longest and heaviest bone in the body?

A

Femur

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10
Q

What is the femoral anteversion?

A

Head is angled ~14 degrees anteriorly to trochanters and distal condyles

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11
Q

What is the angle of inclination in the femur?

A

125 degrees

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12
Q

What is the purpose of the linea aspera?

A

Located in the posterior aspect of the femur and serves as an attachment for muscles.

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13
Q

What is the Great saphenous vein?

A

It is a very superficial vein that runs the length of lower extremity and is a vessel used for cardiac bypass surgery.

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14
Q

What descends through the femoeral triangle and enters the adductor canal?

A

Femoral artery

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15
Q

What passes deep to adductor magnus and moves posteriorly?

A

Deep femoral artery

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16
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle?

A
  1. Femoral nerve and its (terminal) branches
  2. Femoral sheath and its contents:
  • *Femoral artery** and several of its branches.
    3. Femoral vein and its proximal tributaries (e.g., the great saphenous and deep femoral veins).
    4. Deep inguinal lymph nodes and associated lymphatic vessels.
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17
Q

The **femoral nerve **is formed from what?

A

Lumbar plexus L2-L4

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18
Q

The **femoral nerve **branches off what and innervates the what?

A

The cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve branches to become the **saphenous nerve **and it innervates the anterior thigh muscles.

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19
Q

What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

A
  1. Inguinal ligament
  2. Adductor longus
  3. Sartorius
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20
Q

What makes up the floor of the femoral triangle?

A
  1. Iliopsoas
  2. Pectineus
  3. Adductor longus
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21
Q

Where does the **adductor canal **begin and where does it end?

A
  • BEGINS where S**artorius **crosses Adductor longus.
  • ENDS at **Adductor hiatus **in the Adductor magnus tendon
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22
Q

What are the contents of the Adductor canal?

A
  1. Femoral artery and femoral vein
  2. Saphenous nerve
  3. Nerve to Vastus medialis
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23
Q

What is the action and innervation of the Psoas major?

A

ACTION: Hip flexion

INNERVATION: Branches of Lumbar Plexus

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24
Q

What is the action and innervation of the Iliacus?

A

ACTION: Hip flexion

INNERVATION: Femoral nerve

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25
Q

What is the action and innervation of the Tensor fasciae latae?

A

ACTION: Abducts, medially rotates, and flexes thigh (Can also assist with knee flexion)

INNERVATION: Superior gluteal nerve

26
Q

What is the action and innervation of the Sartorius?

A

ACTION: Flexes hip and knee. Also laterally rotates thigh if flexed at hip.

INNERVATION: Femoral nerve

27
Q

What is also known as the tailor’s muscle?

28
Q

What is the action and innervation of the Gracilis?

A

ACTION: Adduction, hip flexion, and medial rotation

INNERVATION: Obturator Nerve

29
Q

What is the action and innervation of the Pectineus?

A

ACTION: Adduction and flexion of hip, medial rotation

INNERVATION: Femoral nerve

30
Q

What is the action and innervation of the Adductor longus?

A

ACTION: Leg adduction

INNERVATION: Obturator nerve

31
Q

What is the action and innervation of the Adductor brevis?

A

ACTION: Leg adduction

INNERVATION: Obturator nerve

32
Q

Which muscle is just deep of the Adductor longus?

A

Adductor magnus

33
Q

Which muscle is just deep to the Pectineus?

A

Adductor brevis

34
Q

What is the action and innervation of the Adductor magnus?

A

ACTION: Leg adduction

INNERVATION: Obturator and Sciatic nerve

35
Q

What muscles make up the Quadriceps femoris?

A
  1. Rectus femoris
  2. Vastus lateralis
  3. Vastus medialis
  4. Vastus intermedius
36
Q

Which muscles only acts on the knee?

A

Vasti muscles

37
Q

What is the action and innervation of the Rectus femoris?

A

ACTION: Hip flexion and knee extension

INNERVATION: Femoral nerve

38
Q

As you flex your knee, what is happening with the Rectus femoris?

A

Flexions of the knee increases its prominence as a hip flexor due to lengthening of the muscle.

39
Q

Which muscles from the Quadriceps femoris is considered the only muscle to be able to hip flex AND knee extend?

A

Rectus femoris

This is used for kicking, therefore it should be called the Kicking Muscle.

40
Q

What is the action and innervation of the Vastus lateralis?

A

ACTION: Knee extension

INNERVATION: Femoral nerve

41
Q

What is the action and innervation of the Vastus intermedius?

A

ACTION: Knee extension

INNERVATION: Femoral nerve

42
Q

What is the action and innervation of the Vastus medialis?

A

ACTION: Knee extension and medial pull on patella to maintain alignment. It is believed to only contract strongly in last 15 degrees of extension.

INNERVATION: Femoral nerve

43
Q

The **Sciatic nerve **leaves the pelvis through what?

It runs inferior to what?

A

Sciatic foramen

Piriformis muscle

44
Q

Name the 2 branches of the Sciatic nerve.

A
  1. Tibial division
  2. Common fibular division
45
Q

In a small percentage of the population, the sciatic nerve pierces what?

A

The **piriformis **muscle.

46
Q

What is the action and innervation of the Gluteus maximus?

A

ACTION: Hip extension and external rotation

INNERVATION: Inferior gluteal nerve

47
Q

Which muscles are just deep to the Gluteus maximus?

A
  1. Gluteus medius
  2. Piriformis
  3. Superior gemellus
  4. Obturator internus
  5. Inferior gemellus
  6. Quadratus femoris
48
Q

Describe the action and innervation of the Gluteus medius.

A

ACTION: It is mechanically designed for powerful abduction. Primary function is to keep nonweightbearing hip from collapsing during normal gait. Medial rotation is another action.

INNERVATION: Superior gluteal nerve

49
Q

Which muscle is directly below the Gluteus medius?

A

Gluteus minimus

50
Q

What is the action and innervation of the Gluteus minimus?

A

ACTION: Abduction and internal rotation

INNERVATION: Superior gluteal nerve

51
Q

What is the action and innervation of the Piriformis?

A

ACTION: External rotation, Abduction of flexed hip

INNERVATION: Ventral rami of S1-S2

52
Q

What is the action and innervation of the Gemellus superior?

A

ACTION: External rotation, Abduction of flexed thigh

INNERVATION: Nerve to obturator internus

53
Q

What is the action and innervation of the Gemellus inferior?

A

ACTION: External rotation, Abduction of flexed thigh

INNERVATION: Nerve to quadratus femoris

54
Q

What is the action and innervation of the Obturator internus?

A

ACTION: External rotation, Abduction of flexed hip

INNERVATION: Nerve to obturator internus

55
Q

What is the action and innervation of the Obturator externus?

A

ACTION: External rotation of hip

INNERVATION: Obturator nerve

56
Q

What is the action and innervation of the Quadratus femoris?

A

ACTION: External rotation of hip

ACTION: Nerve to Quadratus femoris

57
Q

Name the heads of the Biceps femoris.

A

Long head and short head. Long head is superficial to the short head.

58
Q

What is the action and innervation of the Biceps femoris?

A

ACTION: Long head extends hip! However, both flexes and externally rotate knee.

INNERVATION: Long head: Tibial division of Sciatic nerve

Short head: Common fibular division of Sciatic nerve

59
Q

What is the action and innervation of the Semitendinosus?

A

ACTION: Hip extension and knee flexion. There is some internal rotation

INNERVATION: Tibial divison of Sciatic nerve

60
Q

What is the action and innervation of the Semimembranosus?

A

ACTION: Hip extension, knee flexion, and some internal rotation

INNERVATION: Tibial division of Sciatic nerve

Gross Anatomy Final Exam (4 decks)

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