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Gross Anatomy Final Exam > Pelvis and Upper Thighs > Flashcards

Pelvis and Upper Thighs Flashcards

1
Q

The pelvis is made up of which bones?

A

Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis

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2
Q

Which bones form the **acetabulum **laterally and inferiorly?

A

Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis

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3
Q

Which bone is superior and the largest part of the pelvis?

A

Ilium

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4
Q

Which bones are known as the “sit” bones?

A

Ischial tuberosity

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5
Q

Which bone structure markings are located in the same coronal (frontal) plane of the pelvis?

A

Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and pubic symphysis

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6
Q

Which bone structure markings are located in the same vertical (sagittal) plane in the pelvis?

A

**Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) **and pubic tubercle

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7
Q

What lies inferior and medial to the acetabulum?

A

Obturator foramen

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8
Q

What runs from the **anterior superior iliac spine **(ASIS) **to the pubis?

A

Inguinal ligament

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9
Q

What is the longest and heaviest bone in the body?

A

Femur

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10
Q

What is the femoral anteversion?

A

Head is angled ~14 degrees anteriorly to trochanters and distal condyles

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11
Q

What is the angle of inclination in the femur?

A

125 degrees

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12
Q

What is the purpose of the linea aspera?

A

Located in the posterior aspect of the femur and serves as an attachment for muscles.

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13
Q

What is the Great saphenous vein?

A

It is a very superficial vein that runs the length of lower extremity and is a vessel used for cardiac bypass surgery.

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14
Q

What descends through the femoeral triangle and enters the adductor canal?

A

Femoral artery

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15
Q

What passes deep to adductor magnus and moves posteriorly?

A

Deep femoral artery

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16
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle?

A
  1. Femoral nerve and its (terminal) branches
  2. Femoral sheath and its contents:
  • *Femoral artery** and several of its branches.
    3. Femoral vein and its proximal tributaries (e.g., the great saphenous and deep femoral veins).
    4. Deep inguinal lymph nodes and associated lymphatic vessels.
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17
Q

The **femoral nerve **is formed from what?

A

Lumbar plexus L2-L4

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18
Q

The **femoral nerve **branches off what and innervates the what?

A

The cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve branches to become the **saphenous nerve **and it innervates the anterior thigh muscles.

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19
Q

What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

A
  1. Inguinal ligament
  2. Adductor longus
  3. Sartorius
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20
Q

What makes up the floor of the femoral triangle?

A
  1. Iliopsoas
  2. Pectineus
  3. Adductor longus
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21
Q

Where does the **adductor canal **begin and where does it end?

A
  • BEGINS where S**artorius **crosses Adductor longus.
  • ENDS at **Adductor hiatus **in the Adductor magnus tendon
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22
Q

What are the contents of the Adductor canal?

A
  1. Femoral artery and femoral vein
  2. Saphenous nerve
  3. Nerve to Vastus medialis
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23
Q

What is the action and innervation of the Psoas major?

A

ACTION: Hip flexion

INNERVATION: Branches of Lumbar Plexus

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24
Q

What is the action and innervation of the Iliacus?

A

ACTION: Hip flexion

INNERVATION: Femoral nerve

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25
What is the action and innervation of the **Tensor fasciae latae**?
ACTION: Abducts, medially rotates, and flexes thigh (Can also assist with knee flexion) INNERVATION: **Superior gluteal nerve**
26
What is the action and innervation of the **Sartorius**?
ACTION: Flexes hip and knee. Also laterally rotates thigh if flexed at hip. INNERVATION: **Femoral nerve**
27
What is also known as the tailor's muscle?
**Sartorius**
28
What is the action and innervation of the **Gracilis**?
ACTION: Adduction, hip flexion, and medial rotation INNERVATION: **Obturator Nerve**
29
What is the action and innervation of the **Pectineus**?
ACTION: Adduction and flexion of hip, medial rotation INNERVATION: **Femoral nerve**
30
What is the action and innervation of the **Adductor longus**?
ACTION: Leg adduction INNERVATION: **Obturator nerve**
31
What is the action and innervation of the **Adductor brevis**?
ACTION: Leg adduction INNERVATION: **Obturator nerve**
32
Which muscle is just deep of the **Adductor longus**?
**Adductor magnus**
33
Which muscle is just deep to the **Pectineus**?
**Adductor brevis**
34
What is the action and innervation of the **Adductor magnus**?
ACTION: Leg adduction INNERVATION: **Obturator** and **Sciatic nerve**
35
What muscles make up the **Quadriceps femoris**?
1. **Rectus femoris** 2. **Vastus lateralis** 3. **Vastus medialis** 4. **Vastus intermedius**
36
Which muscles only acts on the knee?
**Vasti** muscles
37
What is the action and innervation of the **Rectus femoris**?
ACTION: Hip flexion and knee extension INNERVATION: **Femoral nerve**
38
As you flex your knee, what is happening with the **Rectus femoris**?
Flexions of the knee increases its prominence as a hip flexor due to lengthening of the muscle.
39
Which muscles from the **Quadriceps femoris** is considered the only muscle to be able to hip flex AND knee extend?
**Rectus femoris** This is used for kicking, therefore it should be called the Kicking Muscle.
40
What is the action and innervation of the **Vastus lateralis**?
ACTION: Knee extension INNERVATION: **Femoral nerve**
41
What is the action and innervation of the **Vastus intermedius**?
ACTION: Knee extension INNERVATION: **Femoral nerve**
42
What is the action and innervation of the **Vastus medialis**?
ACTION: Knee extension and medial pull on patella to maintain alignment. It is believed to only contract strongly in last 15 degrees of extension. INNERVATION: **Femoral nerve**
43
The **Sciatic nerve **leaves the pelvis through what? It runs inferior to what?
**Sciatic foramen** **Piriformis muscle**
44
Name the 2 branches of the **Sciatic nerve**.
1. **Tibial division** 2. **Common fibular division**
45
In a small percentage of the population, the sciatic nerve _pierces_ what?
The **piriformis **muscle.
46
What is the action and innervation of the **Gluteus maximus**?
ACTION: Hip extension and external rotation INNERVATION: **Inferior gluteal nerve**
47
Which muscles are just deep to the **Gluteus maximus**?
1. **Gluteus medius** 2. **Piriformis** 3. **Superior gemellus** 4. **Obturator internus** 5. **Inferior gemellus** 6. **Quadratus femoris**
48
Describe the action and innervation of the **Gluteus medius**.
ACTION: It is mechanically designed for powerful abduction. Primary function is to keep nonweightbearing hip from collapsing during normal gait. Medial rotation is another action. INNERVATION: **Superior gluteal nerve**
49
Which muscle is directly below the **Gluteus medius**?
**Gluteus minimus**
50
What is the action and innervation of the **Gluteus minimus**?
ACTION: Abduction and internal rotation INNERVATION: **Superior gluteal nerve**
51
What is the action and innervation of the **Piriformis**?
ACTION: External rotation, Abduction of flexed hip INNERVATION: Ventral rami of S1-S2
52
What is the action and innervation of the **Gemellus superior**?
ACTION: External rotation, Abduction of flexed thigh INNERVATION: Nerve to **obturator internus**
53
What is the action and innervation of the **Gemellus inferior**?
ACTION: External rotation, Abduction of flexed thigh INNERVATION: Nerve to **quadratus femoris**
54
What is the action and innervation of the **Obturator internus**?
ACTION: External rotation, Abduction of flexed hip INNERVATION: Nerve to **obturator internus**
55
What is the action and innervation of the **Obturator externus**?
ACTION: External rotation of hip INNERVATION: **Obturator nerve**
56
What is the action and innervation of the **Quadratus femoris**?
ACTION: External rotation of hip ACTION: Nerve to **Quadratus femoris**
57
Name the heads of the **Biceps femoris**.
Long head and short head. Long head is superficial to the short head.
58
What is the action and innervation of the **Biceps femoris**?
ACTION: Long head extends hip! However, both flexes and externally rotate knee. INNERVATION: Long head: **Tibial division of Sciatic nerve** Short head: **Common fibular division of Sciatic nerve**
59
What is the action and innervation of the **Semitendinosus**?
ACTION: Hip extension and knee flexion. There is some internal rotation INNERVATION: **Tibial divison of Sciatic nerve**
60
What is the action and innervation of the **Semimembranosus**?
ACTION: Hip extension, knee flexion, and some internal rotation INNERVATION: **Tibial division of Sciatic nerve**

Gross Anatomy Final Exam (4 decks)

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