Foot and Ankle Flashcards
Which bone of the foot articulates with the leg bones as well as the calcaneus and navicular?
Talus
When the talus is equally palpable on either side of the foot as it sits in the mortise, what is this position called?
Subtalar joint neutral
What is the largest and strongest bone in the foot?
Calcaneus
What is the sustentaculum tali?
Shelf-life process on medial and superior aspect of calcaneus.
What is some times called the keystone of the medial longitudinal arch?
Navicular
What is the most lateral of distal row of tarsal bones?
Cuboid
What is the styloid process of 5th metatarsal also called?
Tuberosity of 5th metatarsal
What are the sesamoid bones?
They are located on the plantar aspect of 1st metatarsal. There are 2 sesamoid bones and they are thought to protect the FHL tendon.
How many phalanges are there in total in the foot?
14
What is the plantar fascia?
The central part forms the plantar aponeurosis. It is a thick band of connective tissue that runs along the bottom aspect of the foot.
It supports the medial longitudinal arch. Holds foot together. It arises from calcaneus and encloses the flexor tendons of the toes.
What is found in the medial compartment of the foot?
- Abductor hallicus
- Flexor hallicus brevis
- Medial plantar nerve and vessels
What is found in the lateral compartment of the foot?
- Abductor digiti minimi brevis
- Flexor digiti minimi brevis
What is found in the central compartment of the foot (includes tendons)?
- Flexor digitorum brevis
- Flexor digitorum longus
- Quadratus plantae
- Proximal FHL (flexor hallicus longus)
- Lateral plantar nerve and vessels
What is the layer, action, and innervation of the Abductor hallicus in the foot?
LAYER: First
ACTION: Abducts and flexes first digit (big toe)
INNERVATION: Medial plantar nerve
What is the layer, action, and innervation of the Flexor digitorum brevis?
LAYER: First
ACTION: Flexes lateral 4 digits
INNERVATION: Medial plantar nerve
What is the layer, action, and innervation of the Abductor digiti minimi?
LAYER: First
ACTION: Abducts and flexes 5th digit
INNERVATION: Lateral plantar nerve
What is the layer, action, and innervation of the Quadratus plantae?
LAYER: Second
ACTION: Assists toe flexion
INNERVATION: Lateral plantar nerve
What is the layer, action, and innervation of the Lumbricals?
LAYER: Second
ACTION: Flexes proximal phalanges. Extends distal 2 phalanges.
INNERVATION: Medial and **Lateral **plantar nerve
What is the layer, action, and innervation of the **Flexor hallicus brevis **in the foot?
LAYER: Third
ACTION: Flexes proximal phalanx (big toe)
INNERVATION: Medial plantar nerve
What is the layer, action, and innervation of the **Adductor hallicus **in the foot?
LAYER: Third
ACTION: Adducts first digit, supportd arch
INNERVATION: **Lateral plantar nerve **(deep branch)
What is the layer, action, and innervation of the Flexor digiti minimi brevis in the foot?
LAYER: Third
ACTION: Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit
INNERVATION: Lateral plantar nerve (superficial branch)
What is the layer, action, and innervation of the Plantar interossei in the foot?
LAYER: Fourth
ACTION: Adducts digits 2-4, Flexes MTP joint
INNERVATION: Lateral plantar nerve
What is the layer, action, and innervation of the Doral interossei of the foot?
LAYER: Fourth
ACTION: Abducts digits 2-4, Flexes MTP joints
INNERVATION: Lateral plantar nerve
What are the major blood supplies of the foot?
**Posterior tibial artery **(main)
**Dorsali pedis artery **(secondary blood supply)
What does the **Posterior tibial artery **branch into?
Lateral plantar artery (continues as plantar arch) and Medial plantar artery
Which are the only two nerves in the foot which both branch off the tibial nerve?
Medial plantar nerve and **Lateral **planter nerve
