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Human Anatomy: Block 2 > Pelvis and Perineum: Part 2 > Flashcards

Pelvis and Perineum: Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the pelvis?

A

Transfers weight of the upper body to the lower body

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2
Q

What four bones form the pelvic girdle?

A

Sacrum
Coccyx
Os Coaxae (Hip Bones) x2

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3
Q

What separates the Greater (false) pelvis from the Lesser (true) pelvis?

A

Pelvic Brim (Arcuate Line)

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4
Q

What are the structures of the os coxae? (hip bones)

A

Ilium
Acetabulum
Pubis
Ischium
Obturator Foramen

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5
Q

What structures form the posterior wall of the abdomen?

A

Lumbar Vertebrae

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6
Q

Where is the most common site of back pain?

A

L4 and L5

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7
Q

What divides the Sciatic Foramina?

A

Sacrospinous Ligament
Sacrotuberious Ligament

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8
Q

What runs through the Greater Sciatic Foramen?

A

Gluteal Nerves
Gluteal Arteries
Sciatic Nerve
Piriformis

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9
Q

What runs through the Lesser Sciatic Foramen?

A

Pudendal Nerve
Pudendal Artery
Pudendal Vein

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10
Q

What are the two main nerves form the Sacral Plexus?

A

Sciatic
Pudendal

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11
Q

What is the largest nerve in the entire body?

A

Sciatic Nerve

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12
Q

Where does the Sciatic nerve most commonly pass through?

A

Greater Sciatic Foramina

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13
Q

What spinal nerves make up the Sciatic nerve?

A

L4-S3

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14
Q

What is the main nerve of the perineum and the chief sensory nerve of the external genitalia?

A

Pudendal Nerve

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15
Q

Where does the Pudendal Nerve exit the pelvis?

A

Greater Sciatic Foramina

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16
Q

What spinal nerves make up the Pudendal Nerve?

A

Pudendal S2-S4
- keeps your shit and dick off the floor

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17
Q

What nerves make up the Coccygeal Plexus?

A

S4
S5
Coccygeal Nerve

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18
Q

Fibers that produce contraction of internal genital organs during orgasm and inhibit rectal peristalsis

A

Sympathetic

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19
Q

Stimulates contraction of the rectum and bladder for defecation and urination

A

Parasympathetic

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20
Q

What nervous system is responsible for an erection

A

Parasympathetic (P = Point)

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21
Q

How many main arteries are in the female pelvis?

A

4

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22
Q

How many main arteries are in the male pelvis?

A

3

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23
Q

What paired arteries arise below the renal artery and descend into the pelvis medial to the ureter?

A

Paired Ovarian Artery
Paired Testicular Artery

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24
Q

Know the major arteries inferior to the heart

A

See Image

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25
Q

What are the three parts of the Levator Ani Muscle?

A

Puborectalis
Iliococcygeus
Pubococcygeus

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26
Q

What portion of the Levator Ani Muscle is important for defication?

A

Puborectalis

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27
Q

What nerves innervate the Levator Ani Muscle?

A

Pudendal (S2-S4)
- keeps your shit and dick off the floor

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28
Q

What type of neuropathy is common after childbirth?

A

Pelvic Floor Dysfunction (neuropathy)

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29
Q

Where is the common site of gluteal injections and why?

A

Upper Outer Quadrant
- avoid nerves and arteries

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30
Q

What muscle is the lateral rotator when the hip is extended, and abductor of the thigh when the hip is flexed?

A

Piriformis

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31
Q

Connective ligaments of the Subperitoneal Endopelvic Fascia

A

Cardinal Ligament
Retrouterine
Hypogastric Sheath

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32
Q

What does the perineum consist of?

A

Male: Root of Penis, Scrotum, Anus
Female: Vulva and Anus
(Urogenital and Anal Triangles)

33
Q

What organs are retroperitoneal?

A

Supra-adrenal Glands
Aorta
Duodenum
Pancreas
Ureters
Colon
Kidneys
Esophagus
Rectum

34
Q

Where is the bladder located when empty?

A

Lesser Pelvis (True Pelvis)

35
Q

Where is the bladder located when full?

A

Greater Pelvis (False Pelvis)

36
Q

What smooth muscle surrounds the bladder?

A

Detrusor

37
Q

Inferior portion of the detrusor muscle that tightens when the bladder contracts to prevent reflux into the kidney.

A

Trigone of the Bladder

38
Q

How long is the female urethra?

A

3 - 4 cm

39
Q

What does “water under the bridge” mean? (Not about Adele’s masterpiece of a song)

A

Uterine Artery crosses OVER Ureter

40
Q

What are the four parts of the male urethra?

A

Intramural
Prostatic
Intermediate
Spongy

41
Q

What part of the male urethra prevents semen from entering the bladder during ejaculation?

A

Intramural

42
Q

What carries sperm from the testis to the ejaculatory duct?

A

Vas Deferens

43
Q

What is known as the junction of Vas Deferens and Duct of Seminal Vesicle?

A

Ejaculatory Duct

44
Q

What enters the prostate and opens into the Prostatic Urethra?

A

Ejaculatory Duct

45
Q

Produces a mucus like secretion during sexual arousal to protect sperm from the acidic urine

A

Bulbo-urethral Gland

46
Q

How long is the vagina?

A

7.5cm

47
Q

Upper Posterior Wall of the Vagina is covered by peritoneum which reflects to form what?

A

Pouch of Douglas
(Rectouterine Pouch)

48
Q

What is the size of the Uterus?

A

7cm long
7cm wide
2cm thick

49
Q

What are the four parts of the Uterus?

A

Cervix - projects into the vagina
Isthmus
Body
Fundus

50
Q

What is the muscular portion of the uterus that proliferates enormously during pregnancy?

A

Myometrium

51
Q

Mucosal part of the uterus that proliferates during the menstrual cycle?

A

Endometrium

52
Q

What arteries supply the uterus and what are they a branch of?

A

Uterine Arteries
- Branches of Iliac Arteries

53
Q

Folds of the peritoneum that attach the uterus to the side wall of the pelvis

A

Broad Ligament

54
Q

Portion of the Broad Ligament that covers the ovary and ovarian ligament

A

Mesovarium

55
Q

Portion of the Broad Ligament that covers the Fallopian Tube and hangs below it to meet with the mesovarium.

A

Mesosalpinx

56
Q

Makes up the remainder of the Broad Ligament

A

Mesometrium

57
Q

Round cord that attaches the ovary to the uterus

A

Ovarian Ligament

58
Q

Ligament of the uterus that reaches the lateral surface of the ureters below the uterine tube. HOLDS THE FUNDUS FORWARD.

A

Round Ligament

59
Q

Peritoneal folds that cover the ovarian neurovascular supply as these vessels pass over the pelvic brim to reach the ovary

A

Suspensory Ligaments

60
Q

Connects the isthmus of the uterus to the sacrum. Important for the support of the uterus, and it is found in the rectouterine fold.

A

Uterosacral Ligament

61
Q

How long is the Fallopian Tube?

A

10 cm

62
Q

What are the four parts of the Fallopian Tubes?

A

Uterine
Isthmus
Ampulla
Infundibulum with Fimbriae

63
Q

Ovum embeds in the fallopian tube rather than uterine cavity

A

Tubal Pregnancy
- Ectopic and Non-viable

64
Q

Reproductive organ suspended by the broad ligament and produces oocytes

A

Ovary

65
Q

What does a Pap Smear test for?

A

Cervical Cancer

66
Q

What is the most common cause of cervical cancer?

A

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

67
Q

What lymph nodes do Cervical, Uterine, and Ovarian Cancer all drain to?

A

Para-Aortic Lymph Nodes

68
Q

Space filled with fat and fascia lying between the levator ani and the side wall of the pelvis

A

Ischio-anal Fossa
(Ischiorectal Fossa)

69
Q

Site of infection from anal glands

A

Ischio-Anal Fossa

70
Q

Contains internal pudendal artery, vein, and nerve.

A

Pudendal (Alcock’s) Canal

71
Q

What spinchter is contracted most of the time to prevent leakage is under involuntary control?

A

Internal Anal Spinchter

72
Q

What anal spinchter is under voluntary control?

A

External Anal Spinchter

73
Q

Zone where all aspects of squamous metaplasia are currently found or have occurred.

A

Pectate or Dentate Line

74
Q

What two muscles make up the body of the penis?

A

Corpora Cavernosa
Corpus Spongiosum

75
Q

What muscles plays a role in erection of the penis and clitoris?

A

Ischiocavernosous Muscle
Bulbospongiosus Muscle

76
Q

Muscles of the Female genitalia

A
77
Q

Portion of the penis that may be covered by a prepuce or foreskin

A

Glans Penis (head)

78
Q

What arteries supply the penis?

A

Internal Pudendal Arteries

79
Q

Is ejaculation sympathetic or parasympathetic

A

Sympathetic = Shoot

Human Anatomy: Block 2 (4 decks)

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