Abdominal Viscera Flashcards
What are the three large arterial branches of the aorta in the abdomen?
Celiac
Superior Mesenteric
Inferior Mesenteric
What are the three main branches of the celiac trunk?
Common Hepatic Artery
Splenic Artery
Left Gastric Artery
What are the major branches of the Superior Mesenteric Artery?
Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal
Middle Colic Arteries
Right Colic Arteries
Ileocolic Arteries
What is the largest of the splanchnic arterial vessels and why does it matter?
Superior Mesenteric Artery
- delivers more than 10% of cardiac output
- Significant for embolic mesenteric ischemia
What are the branches of the Inferior Mesenteric Artery?
Left Colic Artery
Sigmoid Branches
Superior Rectal Artery
What is the most common location for esophageal cancers?
Z Line (Abdominal Esophagus)
What are the major parts of the stomach?
Lesser and Greater Curvature
Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pyloric Region
Folds that permit distention after food is ingested
Gastric folds (rugae)
Where does most gastric content travel along?
Lesser Curvature
What is the most common site of gastric ulcers?
Lesser Curvature
What is nearly absent in the lesser curvature?
Rugae (Gastric Folds)
Importance of ulcers in the greater curvature?
Treated as malignant until proven otherwise
What arteries supply the Duodenum?
Celiac Trunk
Superior Mesenteric Artery
What does the Large Intestine consist of?
Appendix
Cecum
Colon
Rectum
Anal Canal
What is the name of the pouches in the large intestine?
Haustra
What is the name of the muscle bands of the large intestine?
Tineae Coli
What is the base appendix called?
McBurney’s Point
What position is the appendix usually in?
Retrocecal
Left lower quadrant pain (opposite side of appendix) that indicates appendicitis?
Rovsing Sign
An increase in pain caused by passive extension of the right hip joint that stretches the iliopsoas muscle
Psoas Sign
Pain caused by passive internal rotation of the flexed thigh
Obturator Sign
What arteries supply the Colon?
SMA Branches
- Ileocolic
- Middle Colic
- Right Colic
IMA Branches
- Left Colic
- Sigmoid
What artery is formed by the antasamosis of the superior mesenteric artery and inferior mesenteric artery?
Marginal Artery
Where do most cases of diverticulosis occur?
Sigmoid colon (60%)
What is the largest gland in the body?
Liver
What vein allows the liver to receive breakdown products from the small intestine?
Portal Vein
How much of the lymph received by the thoracic duct comes from the liver?
1/4 to 1/2
Name the four lobes of the liver
Left
Right
Caudate (Posterior)
Quadrate (Anterior)
What vein carries POORLY oxygenated blood from the abdominopelvic portion of the GI tract to the liver?
Hepatic Portal Vein
What vessel carries oxygenated blood from the aorta to the liver?
Hepatic Artery
What vein drains the liver?
Hepatic Vein
What is the function of the gallbladder?
Storage and concentration of bile
(aids in digestion of fats)
What period of digestion is occurring when the Sphincter of Oddi is contracted?
Interdigestive
What period of digestion is occurring when the Sphincter of Oddi is relaxed?
Digestive
- bile from the gallbladder
- digestive enzymes from pancreas
both go into the duodenum
What arteries supply the pancreas?
Splenic
Superior Pancreaticoduodenal
Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal
What are the veins that drain into into hepatic portal vein?
Splenic
Superior Mesenteric
Inferior Mesenteric
What lymphatic organ can be injured during blunt trauma and repair is preferred over removal due to its immune system role? It is also known to bleed profusely.
Spleen
What artery supplies the spleen?
Splenic Artery
What vaccinations are required after a splenectomy?
Haemophilus influenzae
Streptococcus pneumonia
Neiserria meningitidis
What are the two basic types of tissue in the spleen?
White pulp (produces white blood cells)
Red pulp (filters the blood)
Where do the kidneys lie in the body?
Retroperitoneal
- posterior abdominal wall
What muscle separates the kidneys from the vertebral column?
Psoas
Name the anatomical parts of the kidney
Renal Cortex
Renal Medulla (Pyramids)
Minor Calyx
Major Calyx
Renal Pelvis
Ureter
What artery supplies the kidneys?
Renal Artery (L1 and L2)
What arteries supply the ureters?
Renal Artery
Testicular or Ovarian
Superior Vesicular
Aorta
Name the two parts of the adrenal glands
Adrenal Cortex
Adrenal Medulla
What portion of the adrenal gland makes corticosteroids and androgens?
Adrenal Cortex
What portion of the adrenal gland makes epinephrine and norepinephrine?
Adrenal Medulla
What is contained in the hepatoduodenal ligament, also known as the Hepatic Portal Triad?
Portal Vein
Hepatic Artery
Common Bile Duct
