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Human Anatomy: Block 2 > Abdominal Viscera > Flashcards

Abdominal Viscera Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three large arterial branches of the aorta in the abdomen?

A

Celiac
Superior Mesenteric
Inferior Mesenteric

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2
Q

What are the three main branches of the celiac trunk?

A

Common Hepatic Artery
Splenic Artery
Left Gastric Artery

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3
Q

What are the major branches of the Superior Mesenteric Artery?

A

Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal
Middle Colic Arteries
Right Colic Arteries
Ileocolic Arteries

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4
Q

What is the largest of the splanchnic arterial vessels and why does it matter?

A

Superior Mesenteric Artery
- delivers more than 10% of cardiac output
- Significant for embolic mesenteric ischemia

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5
Q

What are the branches of the Inferior Mesenteric Artery?

A

Left Colic Artery
Sigmoid Branches
Superior Rectal Artery

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6
Q

What is the most common location for esophageal cancers?

A

Z Line (Abdominal Esophagus)

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7
Q

What are the major parts of the stomach?

A

Lesser and Greater Curvature
Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pyloric Region

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8
Q

Folds that permit distention after food is ingested

A

Gastric folds (rugae)

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9
Q

Where does most gastric content travel along?

A

Lesser Curvature

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10
Q

What is the most common site of gastric ulcers?

A

Lesser Curvature

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11
Q

What is nearly absent in the lesser curvature?

A

Rugae (Gastric Folds)

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12
Q

Importance of ulcers in the greater curvature?

A

Treated as malignant until proven otherwise

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13
Q

What arteries supply the Duodenum?

A

Celiac Trunk
Superior Mesenteric Artery

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14
Q

What does the Large Intestine consist of?

A

Appendix
Cecum
Colon
Rectum
Anal Canal

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15
Q

What is the name of the pouches in the large intestine?

A

Haustra

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16
Q

What is the name of the muscle bands of the large intestine?

A

Tineae Coli

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17
Q

What is the base appendix called?

A

McBurney’s Point

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18
Q

What position is the appendix usually in?

A

Retrocecal

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19
Q

Left lower quadrant pain (opposite side of appendix) that indicates appendicitis?

A

Rovsing Sign

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20
Q

An increase in pain caused by passive extension of the right hip joint that stretches the iliopsoas muscle

A

Psoas Sign

21
Q

Pain caused by passive internal rotation of the flexed thigh

A

Obturator Sign

22
Q

What arteries supply the Colon?

A

SMA Branches
- Ileocolic
- Middle Colic
- Right Colic
IMA Branches
- Left Colic
- Sigmoid

23
Q

What artery is formed by the antasamosis of the superior mesenteric artery and inferior mesenteric artery?

A

Marginal Artery

24
Q

Where do most cases of diverticulosis occur?

A

Sigmoid colon (60%)

25
Q

What is the largest gland in the body?

A

Liver

26
Q

What vein allows the liver to receive breakdown products from the small intestine?

A

Portal Vein

27
Q

How much of the lymph received by the thoracic duct comes from the liver?

A

1/4 to 1/2

28
Q

Name the four lobes of the liver

A

Left
Right
Caudate (Posterior)
Quadrate (Anterior)

29
Q

What vein carries POORLY oxygenated blood from the abdominopelvic portion of the GI tract to the liver?

A

Hepatic Portal Vein

30
Q

What vessel carries oxygenated blood from the aorta to the liver?

A

Hepatic Artery

31
Q

What vein drains the liver?

A

Hepatic Vein

32
Q

What is the function of the gallbladder?

A

Storage and concentration of bile
(aids in digestion of fats)

33
Q

What period of digestion is occurring when the Sphincter of Oddi is contracted?

A

Interdigestive

34
Q

What period of digestion is occurring when the Sphincter of Oddi is relaxed?

A

Digestive
- bile from the gallbladder
- digestive enzymes from pancreas
both go into the duodenum

35
Q

What arteries supply the pancreas?

A

Splenic
Superior Pancreaticoduodenal
Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal

36
Q

What are the veins that drain into into hepatic portal vein?

A

Splenic
Superior Mesenteric
Inferior Mesenteric

37
Q

What lymphatic organ can be injured during blunt trauma and repair is preferred over removal due to its immune system role? It is also known to bleed profusely.

A

Spleen

38
Q

What artery supplies the spleen?

A

Splenic Artery

39
Q

What vaccinations are required after a splenectomy?

A

Haemophilus influenzae
Streptococcus pneumonia
Neiserria meningitidis

40
Q

What are the two basic types of tissue in the spleen?

A

White pulp (produces white blood cells)
Red pulp (filters the blood)

41
Q

Where do the kidneys lie in the body?

A

Retroperitoneal
- posterior abdominal wall

42
Q

What muscle separates the kidneys from the vertebral column?

A

Psoas

43
Q

Name the anatomical parts of the kidney

A

Renal Cortex
Renal Medulla (Pyramids)
Minor Calyx
Major Calyx
Renal Pelvis
Ureter

44
Q

What artery supplies the kidneys?

A

Renal Artery (L1 and L2)

45
Q

What arteries supply the ureters?

A

Renal Artery
Testicular or Ovarian
Superior Vesicular
Aorta

46
Q

Name the two parts of the adrenal glands

A

Adrenal Cortex
Adrenal Medulla

47
Q

What portion of the adrenal gland makes corticosteroids and androgens?

A

Adrenal Cortex

48
Q

What portion of the adrenal gland makes epinephrine and norepinephrine?

A

Adrenal Medulla

49
Q

What is contained in the hepatoduodenal ligament, also known as the Hepatic Portal Triad?

A

Portal Vein
Hepatic Artery
Common Bile Duct

Human Anatomy: Block 2 (4 decks)

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