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Human Anatomy: Block 2 > Abdominal Walls and Peritoneum > Flashcards

Abdominal Walls and Peritoneum Flashcards

1
Q

Central landmark of the surface anatomy of the abdomen?

A

Umbilicus

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2
Q

What is the superior boundary of the abdomen ?

A

Diaphragm (5th intercostal)

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3
Q

A tendinous line that extends from the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis.

A

Linea alba

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4
Q

How many regions are in the abdominal cavity?

A

9

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5
Q

What makes up the superficial fascia of the abdominal wall?

A

Camper’s fascia
Scarpa’s fascia
Cutaneous nerves
Superficial vessels

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6
Q

What lies underneath the superficial fascia of the abdominal wall?

A

Deep fascia

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7
Q

Nerves that innervate the anterior abdominal wall

A

Lower 6 thoracic nerves
Lumbar Plexus (L1)
(Illioinguinal + Iliohypogastric = L1)

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8
Q

Innervation of the Abdominal Wall

A
  • Thoracoabdominal Nerves (T7-T11)
  • Lateral Cutaneous Branch of Subcostal Nerve (T12)
  • Anterior Cutaneous Branch of Subcostal Nerve (T12)
  • Lumbar Plexus (L1)
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9
Q

Where does the L1 plexus arise from?

A

Anterior Rami of L1

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10
Q

What two nerves make up L1

A

Illioinguinal
Iliohypogastric

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11
Q

Skin near the midline is supplied by what?

A

Superior and Inferior Epigastric Arteries

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12
Q

What arteries supply the skin of the flanks?

A

Intercostal a.
Lumbar a.
Deep Circumflex Iliac a.

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13
Q

What arteries supply skin in the inguinal region?

A

Superficial Epigastric a.
Superficial Circumflex Iliac a.
Superficial External Pudendal a.

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14
Q

Two branches of the internal thoracic artery (that we need to know)

A

Musculophrenic a.
Superior Epigastric a.

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15
Q

Musculophrenic Artery

A

branches to the aortic intercostal a.
Supplies:
- pericardium
- diaphragm
- abdominal muscles

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16
Q

Superior Epigastric Artery

A
  • enters the sheath of the rectus abdominus
  • pierces the rectus abdominus muscle
  • anastomoses with the inferior epigastric artery
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17
Q

What are the branches of the external iliac artery?

A

Inferior Epigastric a.
- External Spermatic a. or Cremasteric
Deep Iliac Circumflex a.

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18
Q

What are the branches of the femoral artery?

A

Superficial Epigastric a.
Superficial External Pudendal a.

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19
Q

What artery is the dominant vascular supply to the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Inferior Epigastric

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20
Q

What is the most common cause of portal hypertension?

A

Cirrhosis

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21
Q

Blockage of what vein causes Caput Medusa?

A

Paraumbilical Vein

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22
Q

Blockage of what veins causes esophageal varices?

A

Esophageal Veins

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23
Q

Blockage of what veins causes hemorrhoids?

A

Rectal Veins

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24
Q

Where does lymph from above the umbilicus drain into?

A

Pectoral Lymph Nodes in the Axilla

25
Q

Where does lymph from below the umbilicus drain into?

A

Superficial Inguinal Lymph Nodes

26
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

External Oblique
Internal Oblique
Transversus Abdominis
External Oblique Aponeurosis
Internal Oblique Aponeurosis

27
Q

What is the name of location where the inferior epigastric vessels enter the rectus sheath?

A

Arcuate Line

28
Q

Where is the arcuate line located?

A

5 cm below the umbilicus

29
Q

What separates the rectus sheath into superior and inferior portions?

A

Arcuate Line

30
Q

Name of the location where the abdominal cavity ends?

A

Sacral Promontory

31
Q

What muscle forms lateral half of the inguinal canal, the rectus sheath, and inguinal falx?

A

Internal Oblique

32
Q

What structure covers the upper 3/4 of the rectus abdominus, but only covers the anterior portion of the lower 1/4 of the rectus abdominus?

A

Rectus Sheath

33
Q

What type of hernia is usually seen up to the age of 3 and after the age of 40?

A

Umbilical Hernia

34
Q

What type of hernia is often seen in the epigastric region, are more common in males, and rarely contain visceral structures?

A

Linea Alba Hernia

35
Q

What type of hernia usually occurs in midlife and develops slowly?

A

Linea Semilunaris (spigelian) Hernia

36
Q

What type of hernia occurs at the site of a previous laparotomy scar?

A

Incisional Hernia

37
Q

Remnant attachment of the the umbilical cord

A

Umbilicus

38
Q

Name the umbilical ligaments

A

Median
Medial (paired)
Lateral (paired)

39
Q

Name the 5 muscles of the posterior abdominal wall

A

Iliacus
Psoas Major
Psoas Minor
Qudratus Lumborum
Diaphragm

40
Q

What muscle allows for flexion of the thigh at the hip and lateral flexion of the vertebral column?

A

Psoas Major

41
Q

Flexion of the vertebral column
Only present in 60% of people

A

Psoas Minor

42
Q

Fan shaped muscle that allows flexion of the thigh at the hip joint

A

Iliacus

43
Q

Nerve that innervates the anterior and lateral thigh muscles, as well as medial leg and ending at the foot.
- Most important nerve from the lumbar plexus

A

Femoral Nerve

44
Q

What else does the femoral nerve innervate

A

Quadratus femoris
Iliopsoas
Sartorius muscle with motor coordination

45
Q

What plexus is formed by the ventral rami of L1-L4?

A

Lumbar Plexus

46
Q

What are the peripheral branches of the lumbar plexus?

A

Iliohypogastric
Ilioinguinal
Genitofemoral
Lateral Femoral Cutaneous
Femoral
Obturator

47
Q

Space between the parietal and visceral layers

A

Peritoneal Cavity

48
Q

Peritoneum that lines that abdominal wall

A

Parietal

49
Q

Peritoneum that lines the viscera

A

Visceral

50
Q

What are the two layers of the peritoneum?

A

Parietal
Visceral

51
Q

Functions of the peritoneum

A

Location of blood and lymph vessels
Lubrication
Serous fluid production
Suspension of organs
Limits infection spread
Adhesions

52
Q

Double layer of peritoneum connecting the viscera to the abdominal wall

A

Mesentery

53
Q

Double layer attached to the stomach

A

Omentum

54
Q

Layers that connect viscera to the the abdominal wall

A

Peritoneal Ligament

55
Q

Blinds sacs with a single opening into the peritoneal cavity

A

Recess

56
Q

What is the lowest point in the peritoneal cavity when lying supine?

A

Hepatorenal Recess
(Morrison’s Pouch)

57
Q

Inflammation generates a sticky fluid containing fibrin that glues the greater omentum to the inflamed areas.

A

Peritonitis

58
Q

What is referred pain?

A

Organ itself doesn’t hurt, the nerve it touches does.

Human Anatomy: Block 2 (4 decks)

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