Pelvis and pelvic floor Flashcards
How many bones in the pelvis?
4: symphysis pubis +2 Innominate bones + coccyx
What are the main types of pelvis?
gynaecoid (best for childbearing)
android
anthropoid
platypelloid (flat)
What are the diameters of female pelvis?
AP Oblique Transverse
Brim 11 12 13
Cavity 12 12 12
Outlet 13 12 11
When does the pelvic girdle pain usually resolve after pregnancy?
By 6 weeks after birth should go back to pre-pregnant state. Symphysis Pubis Disfunction.
At what station should the head be at full dilatation?
Ideally near 0 or at + stations. Stations - relationship between presenting part and imaginary line on ischial spine level.
Name the superficial muscles of the perineum.
Superficial transverse perineal muscle
Bulbospongiosus (Bulbocavernosus) muscle
Ischiocavernosus muscle
What is the nerve supply of the perineum?
Derived from the pudendal nerve:
provided by 3rd and 4th sacral nerves.
Name the deep muscles of the perineum (levator ani muscles)
Pubococcygeus (pubovisceral) -puboperinealis -pubovaginalis - puboanalis Puborectalis Illiococcygeus (levator ani muscle trauma occurs in 13-36% of women who have vaginal birth). 2nd, 3rd and 4th sacral nerves
How can you decrease the chance of perineal trauma?
- perineal massage from 34 weeks
- left lateral position associated with less trauma (squatting/standing with more)
- warm compresses
- slowing down when head is crowning