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Functional Anatomy > Pelvis and Hip > Flashcards

Pelvis and Hip Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main function of the pelvis and hip?

A

-primary function is power production during closed kinematic chain activities

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2
Q

What are the 3 main pelvis functions?

A
  • provide stable base for heads, arms, trunk
  • contain and support visceral organs
  • transmit and absorb forces
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3
Q

T or F: The femoral head is angled inferiorly, medially, and anteriorly

A

False: The femoral head is angled superiorly, medially, and posteriorly

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4
Q

Describe the Center Edge Angle

A
  • a biomechanical angulation of the acetabulum
  • it is the angle formed between the lateral and vertical rim of acetabulum
  • measures inferior tilt of acetabulum
  • is in the frontal plane
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5
Q

Describe the Acetabulum Anteversion Angle

A
  • a biomechanical angulation of the acetabulum
  • measures anterior orientation of acetabulum
  • angle between rim margins and sagittal plane
  • originates at posterior rim
  • is in transverse plane
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6
Q

Describe the Angle of Inclination

A
  • a biomechanical angulation of the femur
  • femoral head/neck : shaft angle
  • medial angulation of shaft to align head & condyles
  • is in the frontal plane
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7
Q

T or F: The greater trochanter should lie level with the center of the femoral head

A

True

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8
Q

Angle of Inclination Pathologies (2)

A 
Coxa Valga
- excessive angle
- leg appears longer
- weaker abdutors
Coxa Vara
- reduced angle
- predispose to fracture
- common later in life
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9
Q

Describe the Angle of Torsion

A
  • a biomechanical angulation of the femur
  • between axis through head/neck and an axis through distal condyles
  • medial twist of the shaft
  • is in the transverse plane
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10
Q

An anteverted angle of torsion results in: toes out or toes in

A

toes in

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11
Q

An retroverted angle of torsion results in: toes out or toes in

A

toes out

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12
Q

T or F: Angle of torsion increases with age

A

False. Angle of torsion decreases with age

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13
Q

The Hip Joint

  • joint type
  • DOF
A
  • multiaxial ball and socket joint
  • synovial
  • 3 DOF
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14
Q

The hip is highly congruent or has low congruency

A

High congruency

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15
Q

T or F: The acetabulum has no contact with the femoral head

A

True. There is a fat pad in between.

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16
Q

The femoral head is larger or smaller than the acetabulum

A

Larger

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17
Q

The hip joint osteokinematics: Open Kinematic Chain

  • which part moves on which?
  • actions
  • planes
  • end feels
A
  • Hip motion on pelvis
  • Flex/ex, sagittal plane, soft tissue or stretch/capsular
  • Ab/ad, frontal plane, capsular/soft tissue
  • ER/IR, transverse plane, capsular
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18
Q

The hip joint osteokinematics: Closed Kinematic Chain

  • which part moves on which?
  • actions
  • planes
A
  • Pelvis moves on hip
  • Anterior/Posterior tilt, sagittal plane
  • Lateral up/down tilt, frontal plane
  • Protraction (anterior)/ Retraction (posterior) tilt, transverse plane
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19
Q

T or F: The ipsilateral hip is the pivot point/axis for lateral tilt and protraction/retraction for pelvis motion on femur

A

False. The contralateral hip is the pivot point for both pelvic motions on femur

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20
Q

What is Pelvic Inclination

A
  • a line between PSIS and foremost pubic symphysis
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21
Q

What is the anatomical axis when the hip is moving on pelvis

A
  • line through the shaft
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22
Q

What is the mechanical axis when the hip is moving on the pelvis

A
  • line connecting joint centers (hip and knee)

- axis for rotation

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23
Q

The hip resting posting

A

30 degrees flexion, 30 degrees abduction, slight ER

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24
Q

The hip close packed position

A

full extension, external rotation, and abduction

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25
Q

The hip acetabular labrum

  • nerves
  • vascularity
A
  • free nerve endings and sensory receptors in superficial layer of labrum (proprioceptive and pain)
  • vascularized from joint capsule
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26
Q

3 major bursae of the hip joint

A
  • iliopectineal bursa
  • iliospsoas bursa
  • trochanteric bursa
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27
Q

The hip joint capsule

  • proximal attachments
  • distal attachements
A
  • proximal: acetabulum, labrum, transverse ligament

- distal: above trochanteric crest and intertrochanteric line

28
Q

3 strong ligaments that support the hip

A
  • iliofemoral
  • ischiofemoral
  • pubofemoral
29
Q

Iliofemoral ligament

  • covers what part of hip?
  • function
  • upper fibres stretched by?
  • lower fibres stretched by?
A
  • covers hip anteriorly and superiorly
  • prevents excess hip extension (‘screws’ f. head into acetab)
  • maintains upright posture of the hip
  • prevents posterior hip motion while standing and hyperextension
  • upper fibres stretched by adduction w extension + ER
  • lower fibres stretched by abduction w extension + ER
30
Q

Which of the main 3 hip ligaments is the weakest?

A

Ischiofemoral

31
Q

Ischiofemoral ligament

  • covers what part of hip?
  • function
A
  • covers posterior and inferior hip

- prevents hyperextension, abduction, and IR

32
Q

Pubofemoral ligament

  • covers what part of hip?
  • function
A
  • covers anterior and inferior hip

- prevents over abduction, limits extension and ER

33
Q

Ligamentum teres/capitus

- function

A
  • guide for obturator artery and nerves
34
Q

T or F: Most anterior muscles are flexors and are innervated by femoral nerve

A

True

35
Q

Hip flexors primarily move limb in OKC or CKC by advancing the lower extremity

A

OKC

36
Q

Most medial muscles are __ductors are innervated by the ____ nerve

A

Adductors, obturator nerve

37
Q

Most anterior?/posterior? muscles are extensors and innervated by the ____ nerve

A

Posterior muscles, sciatic nerve

38
Q

T o F: The lateral rotators of the hip are known as the ‘rotator cuff’ of the hip

A

True

39
Q

T or F: There are 5 specific medial rotators of the hip

A

False. There are no specific medial rotators of the hip

40
Q

The most important/powerful hip flexor is:

A

Iliopsoas

41
Q

The only hip flexor that crosses the knee is:

A

Rectus Femoris

42
Q

When is rectus femoris in muscular insufficiency?

A

When the knee is extended and hip is flexed

43
Q

Which of the hip flexors is also a knee flexor (2 mm)

A

Sartorius and TFL

44
Q

Which of the adductors provides knee stability?

A

Gracilis

45
Q

Gluteus Maximus primary role

A

Weight bearing stabilizer

46
Q

Gluteus maximus is a synergist with which muscle(s) for posterior tilt

A

Abdominal muscles

47
Q

The hamstring group are at risk for muscle insufficiency, why?

A

Because 2 joint muscles

48
Q

Gluteus medius anterior fibre actions

A

flexion/IR

49
Q

Gluteus medius middle/posterior fibre actions

A

-extension/ER

50
Q

Gluteus minimus is a synergist with which muscle(s) in abduction and IR

A

Gluteus medius

51
Q

Which muscle is the most efficient hip abductor when the hip is flexed

A

Tensor Fascia Latae

52
Q

What are the lateral rotators

A

Piriformis
Gemellus inferior and superior
Obturator internus and externus
Quadratus femoris

53
Q

3 factors affecting the role of hip muscles

A

1) Line of pull and leverage
2) Muscle insufficiency
3) Weight bearing or non weight bearing (OKC or CKC)

54
Q

Why does the line of pull of muscles change through the range of motion of the hip?

A
  • Because the hip has a large range of motion
    eg: piriformis
  • Large muscles allow one muscle to perform multiple functions, even act as own force couple.
  • A result of a line of pull at one segment of a muscle working in opposition to the line of pull within a different segment of the same muscle.
  • Results in efficiency of movement
    eg: glute max
55
Q

What is muscular sufficiency

A
  • a 2 joint muscles ability to create greatest tension when elongated at one and shortened at other—length/tension relationship
56
Q

Non weight bearing movements provide power/stabilty or speed

A

Speed

57
Q

Weight bearing movements provide power/stability or speed

A

Power and stabilty

58
Q

Reverse action of the hip flexors

A

Anterior tilt of pelvis on hip

59
Q

Reverse action of the hip extensors

A

Posterior tilt of pelvis on hip

60
Q

Hamstrings work most effectively as hip extensors when knee is extended or flexed

A

Extended

61
Q

The strongest hip abductor is

A

Gluteus medius

62
Q

Reverse action of abductors

A

Lateral pelvic tilt (unilateral hip hike) of pelvis on femur

- contralateral hip is pivot point

63
Q

Reverse action of adductors

A

Lateral pelvic tilt (unilateral hip drop) of pelvis on hip

-contralateral hip is pivot point

64
Q

Which group of muscles function as IR

A

Adductors

65
Q

Anterior protraction and posterior retraction work as paired or uncoupled actions

A

Paired

Functional Anatomy (5 decks)

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