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Functional Anatomy > Knee > Flashcards

Knee Flashcards

1
Q

T or F: The patella is the largest sesamoid bone in the body

A

True

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2
Q

Functions of the patella (5)

A
  • Increase internal moment arm of the quadriceps
  • Centralize force of quadriceps pull
  • Reduce tendon friction forces
  • Contribute to overall knee stability
  • Provide bony protection
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3
Q

The tibiofemoral joint is the largest or smallest joint in the body?

A

Largest

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4
Q

Tibiofemoral joint DOF

A

2 DOF

  • flex/ex
  • IR/ER
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5
Q

Tibiofemoral lateral menisci

  • shape
  • mobility
A

oval shaped; considerable mobilty

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6
Q

Tibiofemoral medial menisci

  • shape
  • mobility
A

C shaped; not as mobile as lateral meniscus

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7
Q

Tibiofemoral menisci attachments (7)

A
  • coronary ligaments (attach to tibia)
  • transverse ligament (anterior horns)
  • meniscopatellar fibres
  • deep medial collateral ligament
  • semimembranosus (attaches to posterior/medial mensicus)
  • popliteus attachment (lateral meniscus)
  • meniscofemoral ligaments (lateral meniscus)
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8
Q

Tibiofemoral meniscus functions

A
  • deepens socket and improve congruency
  • absorb and distribute forces/ increase surface area
  • promote lubrication of joint
  • prevent joint capsule from intruding into joint space
  • partially protect against excessive motion
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9
Q

Tibiofemoral collateral ligament

  • function
  • capsule?
A
  • provide medial and lateral stabilty

- extracapsular

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10
Q

T or F: The MCL and LCL provide more protective force in flexion than extension

A

True

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11
Q

Tibiofemoral anterior cruciate ligament

- function

A
  • resists anterior translation of the tibia and reverse (posterior glide of femur on tibia)
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12
Q

Tibiofemoral posterior cruciate ligament

- function

A
  • resists posterior translation of the tibia on the femur or reverse (anterior translation of femur on tibia)
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13
Q

Tibiofemoral osteokinematics

A
  • flex/ex, soft tissue end feel/ firm end feel

- axial rotation, firm end feel

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14
Q

Instantaneous centre of rotation

A
  • femoral condyles are larger than tibial condyles

- centre of motion changes as the knee flexes and extends

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15
Q

Which muscle unlocks the fully extended knee?

A

Popliteus

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16
Q

Screw home mechanism

A
  • during the last 20 degrees of extension

- with OKC lateral tibial compartment finished excursion before medial tibial compartment

17
Q

The tibia locks down in an OKC or CKC

A

OKC

18
Q

The femur locks down in an OKC or CKC

A

CKC

19
Q

T or F: in CKC extension, the femur rotates medially on the fixed tibia

A

True

20
Q

Tibiofemoral close packed position

A

Full extension

21
Q

Tibiofemoral resting position

A

25 degrees knee flexion

22
Q

Patellofemoral joint

  • articulations
  • tissues
  • kinematics (OKC, CKC)
A
  • posterior surface of patella and anterior/distal aspect of femur
  • retinaculum, vastus medialis oblique, patellar tendon
  • OKC: patella moves on femur
  • CKC: femur moves on patella
23
Q

Maximum contact of the patella and the femur occurs at ___ degrees of flexion

A

90

24
Q

Patellofemoral close packed position

A

Full flexion

25
Q

Patellofemoral resting position

A

Full extension

26
Q

As knee flexes, the patella moves inferiorly or superiorly

A

Inferiorly

27
Q

Patellofemoral Q angle

A
  • measured from ASIS and patella/tibial tuberosity
28
Q

Extensor muscles of the knee

A 
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Rectus Femoris
Articularis Genu
29
Q

Which of the knee extensors is the largest?

A

Vastus lateralis

30
Q

Knee flexors

A 
Hamstring group
Gracilis
Sartorius 
Plantaris (little role)
Popliteus
31
Q

Tibial medial rotators

A

Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Gracilis
Popliteus

32
Q

Knee flexion and hip extension: which muscle are in active and passive insufficiency?

A

Hamstrings: active insufficiency

Rectus femoris: passive insufficiency

33
Q

Knee extension with hip flexion: which muscles are in active and passive insufficient?

A

Hamstrings: passive insufficiency

Rectus femoris: active insufficiency

34
Q

Knee flexion with hip flexion: active sufficiency or passive sufficiency?

A

Hamstrings are in active sufficiency, elongated at hip and shortened at knee
Rectus femoris is in active sufficiency, elongated at knee and shortened at hip

35
Q

Knee flexion with plantar flexion: which muscle is in active insufficiency?

A

Gastrocnemius

36
Q

When is gastrocnemius in active sufficiency?

A
  • plantar flexed foot and extended knee

- dorsiflexed foot and flexed knee

37
Q

In a unilateral stance, the line of gravity medial?/lateral? to tibiofemoral joint

A

medial, takes 60% of forces

Functional Anatomy (5 decks)

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