Leg, Ankle, Foot

Question 1

Which bone in the leg bears 90% of bodyweight?

Answer 1

Tibia

Question 2

Which bone is the lateral malleolus on?

Answer 2

Fibula

Question 3

Which bone is the medial malleolus on?

Answer 3

Tibia

Question 4

Which bone sits more posterior than medial malleolus and projects further distal?

Answer 4

Fibula

Question 5

Which part of the foot are the tarsal bones located?

Answer 5

Midfoot and forefoot

Question 6

What bones are located in the rearfoot?

Answer 6

Calcaneus and talus

Question 7

What are the three arches of the foot?

Answer 7

• medial longitudinal
• lateral longitudinal
• transverse

Question 8

T or F: There are no muscle attachments on the talus

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Talus articulations

• inferior
• anterior
• medially/laterally

Answer 9

• inferiorly, the talus articulates with the three facets of the calcaneus
• anteriorly articulates with navicular
• medial and lateral aspects articulate with medial and lateral malleoli

Question 10

T o F: The calcaneus is the largest and strongest bone in the foot

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Calcaneus

- articulations

Answer 11

• cuboid anteriorly

Question 12

Navicular

- articulations

Answer 12

• head of talus posteriorly

- cuneiforms anteriorly

Question 13

Cuneiforms

- articulations

Answer 13

• first, second, and third metatarsals

Question 14

T or F: The cuneiforms form the medial longitudinal arch

Answer 14

False. They form the transverse arch

Question 15

Cuboid

- articulations

Answer 15

• calcaneus posteriorly
• lateral cuneiform medially
• 4th and 5th metatarsals anteriorly

Question 16

What comprises the forefoot?

Answer 16

Metatarsals and phalanges

Question 17

The metatarsal shafts are shaped how?

Answer 17

Concavely arched on plantar side

Question 18

There are how many sesamoid bones just posterior to the first metatarsal head?

Answer 18

2

Question 19

What tendon runs through the sesamoid bones just posterior to first metatarsal head?

Answer 19

Flexor hallicus longus

Question 20

Which motions occur at the talocrural joint and which plane(s) do they occur in?

Answer 20

• plantarflexion/ dorsiflexion

- sagittal plane (but actually occur in obliquity)

Question 21

What motions occur at the subtalar joint and what plane(s) do they occur in?

Answer 21

• inversion/eversion
• frontal planes
• abduction/adduction
• transverse planes

Question 22

Supination and pronation occur in which plane(s) of movement, in which axis, and as how many DOF?

Answer 22

• all three planes
• oblique, triplanar axis
• 1 DOF

Question 23

Pronation in an OKC is a result of which three motions and occurs at which joint(s)

Answer 23

• dorsiflexion
• eversion
• abduction
• subtalar and talocrural joints

Question 24

Supination in an OKC is a result of which three motions and occurs at which joint(s)

Answer 24

• plantar flexion
• inversion
• adduction
• subtalar and talocrural joints

Question 25

Pronation in a CKC is a result of which three motions and occurs at which joint(s)

Answer 25

- talocrural: eversion | - subtalar: plantar flexion, adduction

Question 26

Supination in a CKC is a result of which three motions and occurs at which joint(s)

Answer 26

- talocrural: inversion | - subtalar: dorsiflexion, abduction

Question 27

Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion end feel?

Answer 27

Firm

Question 28

Proximal tibiofibular joint - joint type - end feel - close packed position

Answer 28

- synovial - firm - full dorsiflexion

Question 29

Distal tibiofibular joint | - joint type

Answer 29

- syndesmotic

Question 30

Tibiofibular ligaments - proximal - dorsal

Answer 30

Proximal: biceps femoris, popliteus, lateral collateral ligament, tibiofibular ligaments Distal: interosseus membrane, anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments

Question 31

Which ligament of the ankle is most likely to sprain?

Answer 31

Anterior tibiofibular ligament

Question 32

Talocrural joint - type of joint - DOF - oblique to which planes

Answer 32

- Oblique hinge - 1 DOF - oblique to sagittal and frontal planes

Question 33

T or F: Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion are coupled movements

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Talocrural ligaments

Answer 34

- tibiofibular ligaments - lateral collateral ligaments - anterior talofibular ligament - calcaneofibular ligament - posterior talofibular ligament - medial collateral ligament - anterior tibiotalar ligament - tibiocalcaneal ligament - tibionavicular ligament - posterior tibiotalar ligament

Question 35

Subtalar joint - joint type - DOF - primary motion

Answer 35

- oblique hinge - 1 DOF - inversion/eversion

Question 36

Subtalar passive stability

Answer 36

- 2 capsules - interosseous ligament - cervical ligament

Question 37

Transverse tarsal joint - which collection of joints - main function

Answer 37

- collection of joints between the talus-calcaneus and the navicular and cuboid - talonavicular joint - calcaneocuboid joint - unlocks foot to lower longitudinal arch during pronation and locks to lift it in supination

Question 38

Transverse tarsal joint axes of motion

Answer 38

- longitudinal (inversion/eversion) | - oblique (Ab/Ad, DF/PF)

Question 39

T or F: The transverse tarsal joints are most mobile when the two axes are perpendicular to each other

Answer 39

False. When they are parallel to each other

Question 40

When are the transverse tarsal joint axes in parallel?

Answer 40

In pronation

Question 41

Transverse tarsal joint ligaments

Answer 41

``` Calcaneocuboidal - short and long plantar ligaments - own capsule Talonavicular - plantar calcaneonavicular ligament - capsule shared with subtalar ```

Question 42

Transverse tarsal joint close packed position

Answer 42

full supination

Question 43

Tarsometatarsal joint - from which arch - articulations

Answer 43

- transverse metatarsal arch | - cuboid and 3 cuneiforms articulate with the base of the 5 metatarsals

Question 44

Intermetatarsal - joint type - location

Answer 44

- synovial | - located between the second and third and third and fourth metatarsal bases

Question 45

Metatarsalphalangeal joint | - DOF

Answer 45

- 2 DOF (flex/ex, ab/ad)

Question 46

Interphalangeal joints - joint type - DOF - close packed postion

Answer 46

- hinge joint - 1 DOF - full extension

Question 47

What muscle is the primary decelerator of plantar pronation?

Answer 47

Tibialis posterior

Question 48

Which muscles are Tom, Dick, and Harry? Where do they pass?

Answer 48

- tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallicus longus - medial ankle

Question 49

Which muscle provides additional support to transverse arch?

Answer 49

Fibularis longus

Question 50

How many layers on the plantar aspect of the foot?

Answer 50

4

Question 51

When the MTP joints are ______, tension is placed on the plantar fascia

Answer 51

hyperextended