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Anatomy Exam 3 > Pelvis > Flashcards

Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

The promontory and ala of the sacrum, the arcuate line of the ilium, and the superior ramus of the pubis make up the

A

pelvic inlet

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2
Q

The pubic arch, ischial tuberosities, sacrotuberous ligament, and tip of coccyx make up the

A

pelvic outlet

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3
Q

The area between the iliac crests and the pelvic inlet makes up the

A

false/lesser pelvis

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4
Q

The area between the pelvic inlet and pelvic outlet makes up the

A

true/greater pelvis

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5
Q

The pelvic floor/diaphragm is made up by the

A

levator ani m.

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6
Q

The area inferior to the pelvic diaphragm is the

A

perineum

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7
Q

Gonads of male and female embryos are similar for the first __ days after fertilization

A

40

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8
Q

The ____ has the sex-determining region

A

Y chromosome

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9
Q

The sex-determining region of the Y chromosome produces

A

testis-determining factor

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10
Q

The TDF causes the differentiation of the gonads into ___, and must be present for this to happen

A

testes

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11
Q

After production of TDF has created formation of the testes, the gonads begin to produce ____ and ___, both of which are necessary for the male system to develop fully and correctly

A

testosterone and Mullerian inhibiting factor

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12
Q

MIF causes degradation of the

A

Mullerian duct

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13
Q

Production of testosterone causes the Wolfian ducts to become the ____, ____, ____, and also develops the prostate, penis, and scrotum

A

epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct

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14
Q

The ____, _____, and ____ are the same in males and females during the first 6 weeks of development

A

genital tubercle, urethral fold, and labioscrotal swelling

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15
Q

The genital tubercle becomes the ___ in males and the ___ in females

A

glans of penis; glans of clitoris

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16
Q

The urethral folds becomes the ____ and ____ in males, and ____ and ____ in females

A

corpus spongiosum of penis and raphe of penis and scrotum; labia minora and bulbs of vestibule

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17
Q

The labioscrotal swelling becomes the ___ and ____ in males and the ____ and ____ in females

A

scrotum and corpus cavernosum of penis; labia majora and corpus cavernosum of clitoris

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18
Q

The right and left labioscrotal swellings fuse together to form the

A

scrotum

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19
Q

The midline ridge of the scrotum is the

A

scrotal raphe

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20
Q

This attaches into the skin of the scrotum and helps to pull testes closer to body in cold environment

A

dartos muscle

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21
Q

When the testes descend (~7-9mo gestationally) they take parts of the abdominal layers with them–the internal oblique forms the ____, the transversalis fascia forms the ____, and the tunica vaginalis from the peritoneum makes the ___

A

cremaster muscle and cremasteric fascia; internal spermatic fascia; fascia around the testes

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22
Q

The spermatic cord contains the ___, ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, and _____

A

ductus deferens, testicular artery, pampiniform venous plexus, genital branch of genitofemoral n, ilioinguinal n, sympathetic parasympathetic and visceral afferent nerves, and lymphatics

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23
Q

Within the testes are the ____

A

seminiferous tubules

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24
Q

The ___ make sperm

A

seminiferous tubules

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25
Q

The tail of the epididymis becomes the

A

ductus deferens

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26
Q

Within the walls of the seminiferous tubules are the

A

Sertoli cells

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27
Q

Between the Sertoli cells are ____ to prevent diffusion between

A

tight junctions

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28
Q

The Leydig cells make

A

testosterone

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29
Q

The root of the penis is made up of ___, _____, and what 2 muscle types

A

bulb and right and left crura; corpus spongiosum and cavernosum

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30
Q

The part of the urethra in the neck of urinary bladder

A

intramural

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31
Q

The part of the urethra within the prostate

A

prostatic

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32
Q

The part of the urethra surrounded by the external urethral sphincter

A

membranous

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33
Q

The part of the urethra in the bulb and penis into the glans

A

spongy

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34
Q

Route of sperm

A

Seminal vesicle–> rete testis–> efferent ductules–> epididymis–> ductus deferens–> ejaculatory duct–> prostatic urethra–> membranous urethra–> spongy urethra–> external environment

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35
Q

The seminal vesicles are located ____ and produce ___

A

posterior to urinary bladder; seminal fluid

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36
Q

The prostate surrounds the ____ and produces ____

A

prostatic urethra; prostatic fluid

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37
Q

The bulbourethral glands are located ____ and produce ___

A

lateral to the membranous urethra; pre-ejaculate

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38
Q

The prostatic ducts empty into

A

prostatic urethra

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39
Q

The bulbourethral ducts empty into

A

spongy urethra

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40
Q

The ejaculatory ducts travel through the ___ carrying ____ and empty into the ____

A

prostate; sperm and seminal fluid; prostatic urethra

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41
Q

The external urethral sphincter is ____ muscle

A

skeletal

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42
Q

The internal urethral sphincter is around the ____ in order to close off the urinary bladder during emission

A

intramural urethra

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43
Q

The perineum contains the ___triangle, made up by the external genitalia and urethra, and ___ triangle, around the anus

A

urogenital; anal

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44
Q

The bulbospongiosus, external anal sphincter, and superficial transverse perineal make up the

A

perineal body

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45
Q

The muscle around bulb of penis and corpus spongiosum

A

male bulbospongiosus

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46
Q

The ____ innervates the male bulbospongiosus muscle to aid in urination or ejaculation, as well as constriction of veins in the penis and compression of blood from the bulb of the penis into the body of the penis during erection

A

deep branch of perineal nerve

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47
Q

The muscle around the crura and corpus cavernosum of the penis

A

male ischiocavernosus

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48
Q

The ____ innervates the male ischiocavernosus muscle to aid in erection

A

deep branch of perineal nerve

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49
Q

Somatic sensory from the genitals goes to the ____ via the ____

A

sacral spinal cord; pudendal nerve

50
Q

The parasympathetic stimulation causes vasodilation of arteries in the

A

erectile tissue of penis

51
Q

Somatic motor stimulation goes to the ___ and __ muscles

A

bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus

52
Q

Mucus glands within the spongy urethra to produce mucus and the bulbourethral glands to produce pre-ejaculate is ____ stimulation

A

parasympathetic

53
Q

The accumulation of sperm cells and secretions from the prostate and seminal vesicles in the prostatic urethra is controlled by ____ stimulation

A

sympathetic

54
Q

Where the 2 labia minora come together anteriorly is the

A

glans of clitoris

55
Q

The urethral orifice and vaginal orifice are located within the

A

vaginal vestibule

56
Q

The portion of the uterus superior to the body

A

fundus

57
Q

The narrowed portion of the uterus

A

isthmus

58
Q

Between the isthmus of the uterus and the vagina is the

A

cervix

59
Q

The two parts of the cervix are the

A

supravaginal and vaginal

60
Q

The opening of the cervix from the vagina into the cervix is the

A

external os

61
Q

The opening of the cervix from the cervix into the uterus is the

A

internal os

62
Q

The space within the vagina encircling the cervix

A

vaginal fornix

63
Q

The “ring” around the cervix is made up of what 4 parts

A

anterior and posterior vaginal fornices, and two lateral vaginal fornices

64
Q

The release of an oocyte into the peritoneal cavity is

A

ovulation

65
Q

A normal uterus is oriented

A

anteverted, anteflexed

66
Q

When endometrial tissue grows in places other than the endometrium it is known as

A

endometriosis

67
Q

The endometrium has 2 layers: the ____ which grows and sheds during the menstrual cycle and the ___ where growth starts

A

functional; basal

68
Q

The 4 parts of the fallopian tube from uterus toward ovary

A

uterine part –> isthmus –> ampulla –> infundibulum

69
Q

The follicles around oocytes produce

A

estrogen and progesterone

70
Q

The ligament from the ovary to the posterior abdominal wall

A

suspensory ligament

71
Q

The ligament from the ovary to the uterus

A

ovarian ligament

72
Q

The ligament from the uterus to the posterior abdominal wall

A

broad ligament

73
Q

The ligament from the uterus to the labia majora

A

round ligament of the uterus

74
Q

Fertilization usually occurs in the ___ of the uterine tube

A

ampulla

75
Q

The mass of fatty subcutaneous tissue anterior to pubic bones

A

mons pubis

76
Q

folds of skin around pudendal cleft, which contains the labia minora and vestibule of the vagina

A

labia majora

77
Q

Between the labia majora, including the labia minora is the

A

pudendal cleft

78
Q

The folds of skin covering vestibule of vagina, which contains openings of the urethra, vagina, and ducts of the greater and lesser vestibular glands

A

labia minora

79
Q

The mucosal covering (complete or partial) of vaginal opening

A

hymen

80
Q

The clitoris consists of: ___, ____, and ____

A

two crura, body (made of up two corpus cavernosa), and glans of clitoris

81
Q

Paired masses of erectile tissue located deep to labia minora

A

bulbs of vestibule

82
Q

Bartholin’s glands are ____ stimulation, and release ____

A

parasympathetic; mucus

83
Q

Skene’s glands are ____ stimulation, and release

A

sympathetic; fluid similar to prostatic fluid

84
Q

The Bartholin’s glands are located _____ and are homologous to the

A

posterior to vagina; bulbourethral glands

85
Q

The Skene’s glands are located ____ and are homologous to the

A

anterior to vagina; prostate

86
Q

The levator ani muscle is made up of what 3 muscles

A

puborectalis, pubococcygeus, and iliococcygeus

87
Q

The urinary bladder can hold up to ____ of liquid

A

1 liter

88
Q

The smooth muscles of the urinary bladder is the

A

detrusor m

89
Q

The floor of the urinary bladder is the

A

trigone

90
Q

The area between the ureters superiorly is the

A

superior surface of the urinary bladder

91
Q

The most anterior portion of the urinary bladder toward the pubic bone is the

A

apex

92
Q

The urethra exits at the

A

neck of the bladder

93
Q

The branch off of the abdominal aorta supplying the sacrum and coccyx is the

A

median sacral artery

94
Q

The 3 branches off of the external iliac

A

deep circumflex iliac, inferior epigastric, and accessory obturator artery

95
Q

The branch off of the external iliac that supplies the medial thigh

A

accessory obturator

96
Q

The internal iliac divides into the

A

anterior and posterior division

97
Q

The branch off of the posterior division that supplies the psoas major, iliacus, and quadratus lumborum muscles, and the lumbar vertebrae is the

A

iliolumbar

98
Q

The branch off of the posterior division that supplies the piriformis muscle and structures within the sacral canal

A

lateral sacral

99
Q

The branch off of the posterior division that supplies the superior gluteal region

A

superior gluteal

100
Q

The branch off of the posterior division that supplies the inferior gluteal region; can also branch off of anterior division

A

inferior gluteal

101
Q

MALES: The branch off of the anterior division that supply the urinary bladder

A

superior vesicle arteries off of umbilical artery

102
Q

MALES: the branch off of the anterior division that supplies the muscles of the medial thigh

A

obturator

103
Q

MALES: the branch off of the anterior division that supplies the urinary bladder, prostate, seminal vesicles, and pelvic part of ureters

A

inferior vesicle

104
Q

MALES: the branch off of the anterior division that supplies the rectum, seminal vesicles, and prostate

A

middle rectal

105
Q

MALES: the branch that is the continuation of the anterior division that supplies perineum

A

internal pudendal

106
Q

FEMALES: the branch off of the anterior division that come off of umbilical to supply urinary bladder

A

superior vesicle

107
Q

FEMALES: the branch off of the anterior division that supplies the muscles of the medial thigh

A

obturator

108
Q

FEMALES: the branch off of the anterior division that supplies the uterus, uterine tube, urinary bladder, and vagina

A

uterine

109
Q

FEMALES: branch off of the anterior division off of the uterine artery to supply the vagina

A

vaginal

110
Q

FEMALES: branch off of the anterior division to supply the rectum and vagina

A

middle rectal

111
Q

FEMALES: branch off of the anterior division to supply the perineum

A

internal pudendal

112
Q

The branch off of the internal pudendal that supplies anal canal and anus

A

inferior rectal

113
Q

The branch off of the internal pudendal that supplies the perineal muscles

A

perineal

114
Q

The branch off of the perineal artery that supplies the skin of scrotum or labia majora

A

posterior scrotal or labial

115
Q

The branch off of the perineal artery that supplies the bulb of penis and bulbourethral glands in males or the vaginal vestibule, labia minora, and vestibular glands in females

A

artery of bulb of penis or vestibule

116
Q

The branch off the internal pudendal that supplies erectile tissue of penis or clitoris

A

deep artery of penis or clitoris

117
Q

The branch off the internal pudendal that supplies the perineal muscles, skin and fascia of penis or clitoris, and glans of penis or clitoris

A

dorsal artery of penis or clitoris

118
Q

Branch of the pudendal nerve (S2-S4) that innervates external anal sphincter and has cutaneous sensory from skin of perianal region

A

inferior rectal nerve

119
Q

Branch of pudendal nerve (S2-S4) that has cutaneous sensory from skin of penis or clitoris

A

dorsal nerve of penis or clitoris

120
Q

Branch of pudendal nerve (S2-S4) that is cutaneous sensory from skin of posterior scrotum or labia majora

A

superficial branch of perineal nerve

121
Q

Branch of pudendal nerve (S2-S4) that innervates perineal muscles and cutaneous sensory from skin of vestibule, labia minora, and mucosa of vagina

A

deep branch of perineal nerve

Anatomy Exam 3 (9 decks)

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