Pelvis Flashcards by Cian O'Halloran

Scrotal layers

Some Damned Examiner Called It The Testes

Skin

Dartos

External fascia

Cremaster

Internal fascia

parietal layer of Tunica vaginalis

Testes

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Blood supply to prostate

Inferior vesical artery (from prostatovesical from internal pudendal + inferior gluteal branches of internal iliac artery)

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Which vessel run close to deep inguinal ring

inferior epigastric artery (branch of external iliac)

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Sensation to anterior scrotum

ilioinguinal nerve

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Sensation to posterior scrotum

pudendal nerve

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True vs false pelvis

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Pelvic inlet

Posteriorly: S1, Ala of sacrum (wing)

Anteriorly: pubic symphysis

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What forms pelvic walls

Sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments

Piriformis and obturator internus muscles

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Pelvic floor components

Mainly: levator ani

also:

coccygeus muscle
fascia

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Muscles of levator ani

pubococcygeus

puborectalis

iliococcygeus

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Innervation of levator ani

Pudendal S2-S4

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Peritoneum cover in pelvis

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Urogenital triangle dermatomes in men and women

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Components of pelvic bone

Ilium

Ischium

Pubis

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Difference between colon and rectum laproscopically

Rectum lacks DISTINCT taeniae coli muscles, omental appendices and sacculations (haustra)

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Anal canal anatomy

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Anal mucosa

Above pectinate: columnar

Below pectinate: Non keratinised stratified squamous (anal pecten)

Below anocutanous line/white line: stratified squamous

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Structures that cross ureters in pelvis

Male: ductus deferens

Female: uterine artery

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Arterial supply to bladder

Inferior/Superior vescical arteries

(branches of internal iliac)

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Venous supply of bladder

vescicoprostatic or vescicouterine plexus

(drains into internal iliac vein)

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Parts of male urethra

Pre prostatic

Prostatic

Membranous

Spongy

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Pre-prostatic urethra features

Contains internal sphincter, which may contract and prevent retrograde ejaculation

Prostatic urethra features

Wider than pre-prostatic

Urethral crest: midline fold of mucosa

Seminal colliculus: enlarged section of urethral crest, used to determine prostate position during TURP

Membranous urethra features

Narrowest part of urethra

External urethral sphincter

Spongy urethra features

Surrounded by corpus spongiosum Navicular fossa: the end dilation Bulbourethral glands insert here

Mucosa of urethra

Transitional near bladder Squamous near external meatus

Testicular anatomy

Seminefrous tibules-\>straight tubules-\> rete testis -\> efferent tubules-\> head/body/tail of epididymus- vas deferens Tunica albuginea Tunica vaginalis

Peri-rectal fascia

Waldeyer's fascia: posterior Denoviller's: anterior

Branches of posterior trunk of internal iliac artery

iliolumbar Lateral sacral Superior gluteal

Branches of anterior trunk of internal iliac

Umbilical Superior vesical Inferior vesical Middle rectal Obturator Internal pudendal Inferior gluteal

Roof of perineum

levator ani

Borders of perineum

Ishial spine coccyx pubic symphysis

Which part of perineum does the perineal membrane cover

Urogenital triangle

Function of perineal membrane

Attachment for external genitalia

Anatomy of penis

Corpora cavernosa: attached to urogenital triangle by crura (legs) Corpus spongiosum: surrounds urethra, and anchors to perineal membrane. Forms bulb of penis, body of penis and glans

Ligaments of penis

Suspensory ligament: attached to pubic symphysis Fundiform ligament: attached to linea alba

Arterial supply to penis

Internal pudendal artery

Muscles of superfical perineal pouch

Ischicavernous Bulbospongiosus Superficial transverse perineal

Innervation of superficial perineal muscles

pudendal nerve

Function of ischicavernosus

Move blood from crura into body of erect penis

Function of bulbospongiosus

removal of residual urine from urethra after urination Pulsatile emission of semen during ejaculation

Function of superficial transverse perineal

Stabilises perineal body

Superficial fascia of the urogenital triangle attachments

Posteriorly to perineal membrane: doesnt extend into anal triangle Anteriorly ischiopubic rami: does not extend into thigh This stops spread of infection into thigh or anal triangle, but allows movement into peritoneum out of perineum

Pudendal canal content

Pudendal nerve Internal pudendal artery Veins

What forms the pudendal canal

Fascia of obturator internus

Branches of pudendal nerve

Inferior rectal Perineal Dorsal nerve

Inferior rectal innervates

External anal sphincter Levator ani

Perineal nerve innervates

S: posterior scrotal skin M: urogenital triangle muscles

Dorsal nerve of penis innervates

Sensory to penis

Lymph drainage of perineum

Deep parts: internal iliac Superficial parts: superior inguinal Glans of penis: deep inguinal/ external iliac Testis: para-arotic

Spaces anterior and posterior to prostate

Anterior: cave of retzius Posterior: dennovilliers

Difference between male and female pelvis

Female: - wider, shallower, - larger superior and inferior apertures, - ischial tuberosities are farther apart - sacrum less curved - obturator foramen oval (vs round in M)

Bucks vs Dartos fascia of penis