Pelvis Flashcards
Name the bony elements of the pelvic girdle
Innominate
Sacrum
Coccyx
Name the bony elements of the innominate
Ilium
Pubis
Ischium
Name the structures that form the boundaries of the pelvic inlet (brim)
Sacral promontory
Arcuate line
Pectineal line
Pubic symphysis
*divides pelvis into greater/fale and lesser/true
Name the structures that form the boundaries of the pelvic outlet
Coccyx
Sacrotuberous ligament
Sacrospinous ligament
Ischial tuberosities
Pubic arch
Describe the divisions of the pelvis
False/greater pelvis
*outside of the pelvic inlet
*includes ilium
True/lesser pelvis
*within the pelvic inlet
*contains pelvic cavity & pelvic viscera
Name the pelvic joints
Lumbosacral - symphysis
Sacroiliac joint - plane
Pubic symphysis - symphysis
Name the ligaments associated with the lumbosacral joint
Iliolumbar ligament
Name the ligaments associated with the sacroiliac joint
Anterior (vental) sacroiliac ligaments (crosses)
Dorsal sacroiliac ligament (crosses)
Sacrospinous ligament (supports)
Sacrotuberous ligament (supports)
Name the ligaments associated with the pubic symphysis
Superior pubic ligament
Arcuate pubic ligament
List the ways the male and female pelvis differ from one another
Male:
*subpubic angle: 70
*heart shaped inlet
*narrow outlet
*narrow cavity
*narrow convex sacrum
Female:
*subpubic angle: 100
*oval-shaped inlet
*roomy outlet
*roomy cavity
*wide, flat sacrum
Identify the pelvic viscera in a male
Terminal parts of digestive and urinary systems
Describe the basic structure of the rectum
Smooth walls
5in long
venous drainage: portal system
arterial supply: inferior mesenteric artery, internal iliac artery
Describe the basic structure of the urinary bladder
Posterior to pubic symphysis
Median umbilical ligament superiorly
Apex
Body
Pubovesicular ligament anteriorly
Describe the structure of ductus (vas) deferens
Tube that conveys sperm to ejaculatory duct
Describe the course of the ductus (vas) deferens
- Enters the superficial inguinal ring through the spermatic cord
- Passes through the deep inguinal ring
- Posterior to the bladder
- Superior-anterior to ureters
- Superior to the prostate
- Meets with seminal glands to form the ejaculatory ducts
Describe the seminal glands
*contributes 85% of ejaculate
*coagulating proteins, fructose, prostaglandins, and other specific proteins
Describe the ejaculatory ducts
convergence of vas deferens and seminal glands within the prostate
Describe the location of the prostate
Inferior to the bladder
Surrounds prostatic urethra
*contributes alkaline fluid
Describe the location of the bulbourethral glands
Inferior to the prostate within the deep transverse perineal muscles
*secretions are lubricating
*secretes into the spongy part of the urethra
Name the 4 parts of the male urethra
- Preprostatic
- Prostatic
- Membranous
- Spongy
Describe the basic structure of the ovary
*dense fibrous tissue
*ova produced here and discharged from follicles
*suspensory ligaments provide passageway for ovarian vessels
Describe the basic structure of the uterine tubes
*fimbriae attached to infundibulum
*ampula
*isthmus
*uterine part
Describe the basic structure of the uterus
*thick walled muscular organ
*involved in fetal development and delivery
*fundus
*body
*cervix
*broad ligament
Describe the basic structure of the vagina
*canal for menstrual fluid
*inferior part of birth canal
*sexual intercourse
*cervical canal
*vaginal fornix
*vaginal canal
*vaginal orifice
*vaginal vestibule (labia minora)
*uterine, vaginal, and internal pudendal vessels
Describe the basic structure of the broad ligament
*mesosalpinx (uterine tube)
*mesovarium (ovary)
*mesometrium (uterus)
the pudendal nerve passes _______-_______ (_______) to the sacrospinous ligament.
posterior-lateral (superficial)
The obturator nerve passes _______ to the superior pubic ramus
Inferior
Describe the location of the perineum
Inferior to pelvic floor muscles/fascia
Describe the general function of the perineum
Support openings from the pelvic floor
Name the boundaries of the perineum
Pubic symphysis
Ischiopubic ramus
Ischial tuberosities
Sacrotuberous ligament
Sacrum/coccyx
Summarize the perineum and its muscles using a drawing
Name the contents of the male perineum
Penis
Scrotum
Anus
Name the contents of the female perineum
Vulva
*mons pubis
*labia minora
*labia majora
*clitoris
*vaginal opening
*urethral opening
Anus
Describe the general nerve supply of the ilioinguinal and genitofemoral nerves
*innervates: mons pubis & anteromedial thigh
Describe the general nerve supply of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
Gluteal branches
*innervate: sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying part of the gluteus maximus
Perineal branches
innervate: sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying posterior aspect of the perineum
Describe the general nerve supply of the pudendal nerve
Inferior rectal n.
*innervates: skin overlying the anus, sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor innervation of the external anal sphincter
Perineal n.
*Muscular branches
- Sensory, postganglionic sympathetic innervation of corpus spongiosum or bulb of vestibule; sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the spongy urethra; sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor innervation of perineal muscles
*posterior labial or scrotal branches
- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin overlying the labia majora & minora, lower vagina & urethra or scrotum
Dorsal nerve of the clitoris or penis
*sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin overlying penis or clitoris ;sensory, postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the corpus cavernosum
Describe the location of the male erectile tissues
Corpus spongiosum - surrounds urethra & continues to be glans of the penis
Corpus cavernosum - paired dorsal side of penis
Describe the location of the female erectile tissues
Crus of the clitoris - along inferior pubic ramus
Glans of the clitorus - posterior to mons pubis
Vestibular bulb of the clitorus - lateral to vaginal orifice
Describe the ischioanal fossa
Fat pads and loose connective tissue
Found in anal triangle
Supports the rectum
Describe the ischioanal fossa’s contents
Pudendal canal
*internal pudendal artery & vein
*pudendal nerve
Outside canal
*inferior rectal artery
*inferior rectal nerve
List the structures comprising the male external genetalia
Distal urethra
Penis
Scrotum
Urogenital triangle
List the structures comprising the female external genitalia
Vulva
*mons pubis
*labia minora
*labia majora
*clitoris
*vaginal opening
*urethral opening
Describe the internal features of the scrotum
External spermatic fascia
Cremasteric fascia and cremaster muscle
Internal spermatic fascia
Tunica dartos and dartos muscle
Tunica vaginalis, visceral layer & parietal layer
Testis
Draw the arterial supply of the perineum
Describe the course and branches of the pudendal nerve
Descends vertically through sciatic foramina (around pelvic floor)
Branches:
*Inferior rectal n. - to the rectum
*perineal n. - corpus spongiosum, spongy urethra, perineal muscles, labia majora & minora, lower vagina, urethra, scrotum
*dorsal nerve of the clitorus or penis - penis or clitorus, corpus cavernosum
Describe the functions of the pudendal nerve
Micturition
Defecation
Parturition
Erection
Ejaculation
Detail the components of the pudendal nerve responsible for male erection & ejaculation
Erection
*smooth muscles of corpora cavernosa relax
*parasympathetic S2-4
*cavernosus nn. extensions of prostatic plexus
Ejaculation
*contraction of internal genitalia organs
*sympathetic L1-2
*lumbar splanchnics to hypogastric plexus
Explain the characteristics of the anal canal
External anal sphincter
Levator ani
Internal anal sphincter
Hemorrhoidal plexus
Anal columns
Anal sinuses
Anal valves
Subcutaneous venous plexus
Perianal skin
Anus
