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Clinical Anatomy II > Pelvis > Flashcards

Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

Name the bony elements of the pelvic girdle

A

Innominate
Sacrum
Coccyx

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2
Q

Name the bony elements of the innominate

A

Ilium
Pubis
Ischium

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3
Q

Name the structures that form the boundaries of the pelvic inlet (brim)

A

Sacral promontory
Arcuate line
Pectineal line
Pubic symphysis
*divides pelvis into greater/fale and lesser/true

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4
Q

Name the structures that form the boundaries of the pelvic outlet

A

Coccyx
Sacrotuberous ligament
Sacrospinous ligament
Ischial tuberosities
Pubic arch

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5
Q

Describe the divisions of the pelvis

A

False/greater pelvis
*outside of the pelvic inlet
*includes ilium
True/lesser pelvis
*within the pelvic inlet
*contains pelvic cavity & pelvic viscera

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6
Q

Name the pelvic joints

A

Lumbosacral - symphysis
Sacroiliac joint - plane
Pubic symphysis - symphysis

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7
Q

Name the ligaments associated with the lumbosacral joint

A

Iliolumbar ligament

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8
Q

Name the ligaments associated with the sacroiliac joint

A

Anterior (vental) sacroiliac ligaments (crosses)
Dorsal sacroiliac ligament (crosses)
Sacrospinous ligament (supports)
Sacrotuberous ligament (supports)

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9
Q

Name the ligaments associated with the pubic symphysis

A

Superior pubic ligament
Arcuate pubic ligament

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10
Q

List the ways the male and female pelvis differ from one another

A

Male:
*subpubic angle: 70
*heart shaped inlet
*narrow outlet
*narrow cavity
*narrow convex sacrum
Female:
*subpubic angle: 100
*oval-shaped inlet
*roomy outlet
*roomy cavity
*wide, flat sacrum

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11
Q

Identify the pelvic viscera in a male

A

Terminal parts of digestive and urinary systems

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12
Q

Describe the basic structure of the rectum

A

Smooth walls
5in long
venous drainage: portal system
arterial supply: inferior mesenteric artery, internal iliac artery

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13
Q

Describe the basic structure of the urinary bladder

A

Posterior to pubic symphysis
Median umbilical ligament superiorly
Apex
Body
Pubovesicular ligament anteriorly

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14
Q

Describe the structure of ductus (vas) deferens

A

Tube that conveys sperm to ejaculatory duct

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15
Q

Describe the course of the ductus (vas) deferens

A
  1. Enters the superficial inguinal ring through the spermatic cord
  2. Passes through the deep inguinal ring
  3. Posterior to the bladder
  4. Superior-anterior to ureters
  5. Superior to the prostate
  6. Meets with seminal glands to form the ejaculatory ducts
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16
Q

Describe the seminal glands

A

*contributes 85% of ejaculate
*coagulating proteins, fructose, prostaglandins, and other specific proteins

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17
Q

Describe the ejaculatory ducts

A

convergence of vas deferens and seminal glands within the prostate

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18
Q

Describe the location of the prostate

A

Inferior to the bladder
Surrounds prostatic urethra
*contributes alkaline fluid

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19
Q

Describe the location of the bulbourethral glands

A

Inferior to the prostate within the deep transverse perineal muscles
*secretions are lubricating
*secretes into the spongy part of the urethra

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20
Q

Name the 4 parts of the male urethra

A
  1. Preprostatic
  2. Prostatic
  3. Membranous
  4. Spongy
21
Q

Describe the basic structure of the ovary

A

*dense fibrous tissue
*ova produced here and discharged from follicles
*suspensory ligaments provide passageway for ovarian vessels

22
Q

Describe the basic structure of the uterine tubes

A

*fimbriae attached to infundibulum
*ampula
*isthmus
*uterine part

23
Q

Describe the basic structure of the uterus

A

*thick walled muscular organ
*involved in fetal development and delivery
*fundus
*body
*cervix
*broad ligament

24
Q

Describe the basic structure of the vagina

A

*canal for menstrual fluid
*inferior part of birth canal
*sexual intercourse
*cervical canal
*vaginal fornix
*vaginal canal
*vaginal orifice
*vaginal vestibule (labia minora)
*uterine, vaginal, and internal pudendal vessels

25
Q

Describe the basic structure of the broad ligament

A

*mesosalpinx (uterine tube)
*mesovarium (ovary)
*mesometrium (uterus)

26
Q

the pudendal nerve passes _______-_______ (_______) to the sacrospinous ligament.

A

posterior-lateral (superficial)

27
Q

The obturator nerve passes _______ to the superior pubic ramus

A

Inferior

28
Q

Describe the location of the perineum

A

Inferior to pelvic floor muscles/fascia

29
Q

Describe the general function of the perineum

A

Support openings from the pelvic floor

30
Q

Name the boundaries of the perineum

A

Pubic symphysis
Ischiopubic ramus
Ischial tuberosities
Sacrotuberous ligament
Sacrum/coccyx

31
Q

Summarize the perineum and its muscles using a drawing

A
32
Q

Name the contents of the male perineum

A

Penis
Scrotum
Anus

33
Q

Name the contents of the female perineum

A

Vulva
*mons pubis
*labia minora
*labia majora
*clitoris
*vaginal opening
*urethral opening
Anus

34
Q

Describe the general nerve supply of the ilioinguinal and genitofemoral nerves

A

*innervates: mons pubis & anteromedial thigh

35
Q

Describe the general nerve supply of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

A

Gluteal branches
*innervate: sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying part of the gluteus maximus
Perineal branches
innervate: sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying posterior aspect of the perineum

36
Q

Describe the general nerve supply of the pudendal nerve

A

Inferior rectal n.
*innervates: skin overlying the anus, sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor innervation of the external anal sphincter
Perineal n.
*Muscular branches
- Sensory, postganglionic sympathetic innervation of corpus spongiosum or bulb of vestibule; sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the spongy urethra; sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor innervation of perineal muscles
*posterior labial or scrotal branches
- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin overlying the labia majora & minora, lower vagina & urethra or scrotum
Dorsal nerve of the clitoris or penis
*sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin overlying penis or clitoris ;sensory, postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the corpus cavernosum

37
Q

Describe the location of the male erectile tissues

A

Corpus spongiosum - surrounds urethra & continues to be glans of the penis
Corpus cavernosum - paired dorsal side of penis

38
Q

Describe the location of the female erectile tissues

A

Crus of the clitoris - along inferior pubic ramus
Glans of the clitorus - posterior to mons pubis
Vestibular bulb of the clitorus - lateral to vaginal orifice

39
Q

Describe the ischioanal fossa

A

Fat pads and loose connective tissue
Found in anal triangle
Supports the rectum

40
Q

Describe the ischioanal fossa’s contents

A

Pudendal canal
*internal pudendal artery & vein
*pudendal nerve
Outside canal
*inferior rectal artery
*inferior rectal nerve

41
Q

List the structures comprising the male external genetalia

A

Distal urethra
Penis
Scrotum
Urogenital triangle

42
Q

List the structures comprising the female external genitalia

A

Vulva
*mons pubis
*labia minora
*labia majora
*clitoris
*vaginal opening
*urethral opening

43
Q

Describe the internal features of the scrotum

A

External spermatic fascia
Cremasteric fascia and cremaster muscle
Internal spermatic fascia
Tunica dartos and dartos muscle
Tunica vaginalis, visceral layer & parietal layer
Testis

44
Q

Draw the arterial supply of the perineum

A
45
Q

Describe the course and branches of the pudendal nerve

A

Descends vertically through sciatic foramina (around pelvic floor)
Branches:
*Inferior rectal n. - to the rectum
*perineal n. - corpus spongiosum, spongy urethra, perineal muscles, labia majora & minora, lower vagina, urethra, scrotum
*dorsal nerve of the clitorus or penis - penis or clitorus, corpus cavernosum

46
Q

Describe the functions of the pudendal nerve

A

Micturition
Defecation
Parturition
Erection
Ejaculation

47
Q

Detail the components of the pudendal nerve responsible for male erection & ejaculation

A

Erection
*smooth muscles of corpora cavernosa relax
*parasympathetic S2-4
*cavernosus nn. extensions of prostatic plexus
Ejaculation
*contraction of internal genitalia organs
*sympathetic L1-2
*lumbar splanchnics to hypogastric plexus

48
Q

Explain the characteristics of the anal canal

A

External anal sphincter
Levator ani
Internal anal sphincter
Hemorrhoidal plexus
Anal columns
Anal sinuses
Anal valves
Subcutaneous venous plexus
Perianal skin
Anus

Clinical Anatomy II (14 decks)

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