Abdomen & Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards
Explain the function of the abdomen and its boundaries
Function: Flexible container for the abdominal organs & facilitates movement of the trunk and breathing, provides bony
protection for certain organs
Boundaries:
Anterior: Abdominal wall
Posterior: Vertebral column
Superior: Diaphragm
Inferior: Pelvic inlet
Explain the functions of the anterior abdominal wall
- Support the trunk
- Support the abdominal viscera
- Manage intra-abdominal pressure during
respiration - Move the trunk and maintain posture
Describe the organization of the greater and lesser sacs
Greater sac = main abdominal cavity
Lesser sac = omental bursa, it is a diverticulum (extension off another cavity), it is posterior to the stomach
Describe the organization of the mesenteries
- Double layer of peritoneum
- Provides conduit for neurovasculature
- Mesentery proper suspends small intestine from posterior abdominal wall
Describe the organization of the peritoneal ‘ligaments’
Greater omentum:
- gastrophrenic ligament
- gastrosplenic ligament
- gastrocolic ligament
Lesser omentum:
- hepatogastric ligament
- hepatoduodenal ligament
Liver:
- falciform ligament
- round ligament
- coronary ligament
- left and right triangular ligaments
Distinguish between intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal visceral categorization
Intraperitoneal:
- Enclosed by visceral peritoneum
- Suspended by mesenteries
Retroperitoneal:
- Having to do with the area outside or behind the peritoneum
Viscera primarily retroperitoneal
Never had mesentery, developed posterior to peritoneal cavity:
- Kidneys
- Suprarenal glands
Viscera secondarily retroperitoneal
Was previously intraperitoneal, but mesentery fused during development:
- Duodenum (descending, horizontal, ascending)
- Colon (ascending, descending)
- Pancreas
- Rectum (upper 2/3)
Explain the layers of the rectus sheath
Explain the significance of the arcuate line
Superior to the arcuate line the rectus sheath has an anterior rectus sheath and a posterior rectus sheath.
Inferior to the arcuate line the rectus sheath is one continuous aponeurotic sheath with the transversalis fascia posterior to the RA.
Inferior epigastric vessels perforate the rectus abdominis
Describe the inguinal canal including its contents in both phenotypic males and females
Passage 4 cm long, parallel to the inguinal ligament
Openings are called ‘rings’
Primarily occupied by
♂ Spermatic cord
♀ Round ligament
What are the boundaries of the inguinal canal?
Floor: inguinal ligament reinforced medially by lacunar ligament
Anterior wall: external oblique aponeurosis, reinforced laterally by internal oblique
Posterior wall: transversalis fascia reinforced by conjoint tendon
List the layers of the anterior abdominal wall from superficial to deep
Skin
Campers fascia (fatty layer)
Scarpas fascia (membranous layer)
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis
Transversalis fascia
Extraperitoneal adipose
Parietal peritoneum
Describe the innervation of the skin of the abdomen via T7-T12 spinal nerves
Roots > Spinal Nerve > Anterior Ramus > T7-12
- Anterior cutaneous branches of thoracoabdominal nerves (T7-T11)
- Lateral cutaneous branches of thoracoabdominal nerves (T7-T11)
- Lateral cutaneous branch of subcostal nerve (T12)
- Anterior cutaneous branch of subcostal nerve (T12)
Name the location of common abdominal wall dermatomes
T4 = nipple
T5 = xyphoid process
T10 = umbilicus
Describe the division of the abdomen into quadrants
From midline of body crossing umbilicus to transverse cut through umbilicus:
Left Upper Quarter (LUQ)
Right Upper Quarter (RUQ)
Left Lower Quarter (LLQ)
Right Lower Quarter (RLQ)
What are the contents of the LUQ
Stomach
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Spleen
Pancreas
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Left lobe of liver
Left kidney
Left adrenal gland
What are the contents of the RUQ
Stomach
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Right Kidney
Right Suprarenal gland
What are the contents of the LLQ
Jejunum
Ileum
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum